Individual Psychology; Man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order (p. 234)
Alfred Adler
Bonding and attachment
John Bowlby
Cognitive theory of hypnotism (#185)
T.X. Barber
Social distance scale; ethnic negative attitudes (#128)
Emory Bogardus
First intelligence test
Binet
Founder of modern sociology
Emile Durkheim
Frustration-Aggression theory (#119)
John Dollard and Neil Miller
Psychotherapy, psychoanalyst, maturationist, disciple of Freud, 8 stages of psychosocial development
Eric Erikson
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); people have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently (p. 234)
Albert Ellis
Father of psychoanalysis (maturationist-#24); deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex and aggression (p. 234)
Sigmund Freud
Father of logotherapy, "healing through meaning" (#167); existential view is that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice (p. 234)
Viktor Frankl
Foot-in-the-door" technique, asking someone to do small favors makes them amenable to doing large favors (#129)
Freedman and Frazier
Balance theory and Cognitive dissonance theory (#'s 120 & 144)
Leon Festinger
The visual cliff experiment: depth perception in infants
Gibson
Strategic and problem solving therapy (#4)
Jay Haley
Maternal deprivation experiment in Rhesus monkeys (#27)
Harry Harlow
Career development (#120)
Holland and Super
Analytic psychology; Man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment (p. 234)
Carl Jung
Leading theorist in moral development (#10), 3 levels of moral development (#46)
Kohlberg
Pioneer of behavior therapy BASIC ID
Arnold Lazarus
Imprinting experiment on newborn goslings (#64)
Konrad Lorenz
Positive Psychology
Abraham Maslow
Father of hormic psychology; people are driven by innate, inherited tendencies) (#106), wrote Introduction to Social Psychology (#185)
William McDougall
Creator of psychodrama (#185)
Moreno
Obedience and authority, shock experiments (having people shock their peers for incorrect answers) (#186)
Stanley Milgram
4 stages of development (#'s 7,8, & 9)
Piaget
Father of Gestalt, ameliorate mind/body split (#167); people are not bad or good. People have the capacity to govern life effectively as "whole." People are part of their environment and must be viewed as such (p. 234)
Fritz Perls
Cognitive development among college students; dualistic thinking (#4)
W.H. Perry
Person-centered counseling (first called nondirective counseling, then client-centered counseling) (#382); the individual is good and moves toward growth and self-actualization (p. 234)
Carl Rogers
Learned helplessness syndrome (#81)
Martin Seligman
Behavioristic psychology/behavior modification; Humans are like other animals; mechanistic and controlled via environmental stimuli and reinforcement contingencies; not good or bad; no self-determination or freedom (p. 234)
B.F. Skinner
Father of conditioned reflex therapy
Andrew Salter
Zone of proximal development (comparing a child's performance with a teacher vs. without a teacher) (#23)
Vyotsky
Father of behaviorism (#'s 10, 214, 276, 281, 282, & 891)
John B. Watson
Existentialist associated with group work (#185)
Irvin Yalom
He created the concept of social facilitation, the presence of others increases performance
F. H. Allport
He suggested the emic-etic distinction in cross-cultural counseling (#169)
J. G. Draguns
8 Eriksonian (psychosocial) stages (#'s 7, 26, 29, & 35)
1. Trust vs. mistrust, 2. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt, 3. Initiative vs. guilt, 4. Industry vs. inferiority, 5. Identity vs. role confusion, 6. Intimacy vs. isolation, 7. Generativity vs. stagnation, 8. Ego vs. despair
Associated with adult cognitive development; stresses interpersonal development; billed as "constructive model of development, meaning that individuals construct reality throughout the lifespan" (#4)
Robert Kegan
Father of transactional analysis (with 3 ego states) (#202); messages learned about self in childhood determine whether person is good or bad, though intervention can change this script (p. 234)
Eric Berne
Father of reality therapy (#325); Individuals strive to meet basic physiological needs and the need to be worthwhile to self and others. Brain as control system tries to meet needs (p. 234)
William Glasser
Therapist associated with associationism (aka empiricism [experiment]) which states that scientists can only learn from objective facts (#52, 260)
John Locke
Therapist associated with classical conditioning (e.g. salivating dogs) (#262)
Ivan Pavlov
Therapist associated with the development of systematic desensitization which is attempting to weaken a client's response to an anxiety-producing stimuli (#211)
Joseph Wolpe
Father of Minnesota Viewpoint which attempts to match a client's traits with a career (#262)
E. G. Williams
Neobehavioristic; person produces and is a product of conditioning (p. 234)
Bandura
Trait-factor; through education and scientific data, man can become himself. Humans are born with potential for good or evil. Others are needed to help unleash positive potential. Man is mainly rational, not intuitive (p. 234)
Williamson
Man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order (p. 234)
Individual psychology; Alfred Adler
People have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently (p. 234)
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); Albert Ellis
Deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex and aggression (p. 234)
Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud
Healing through meaning" (#167); existential view is that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice (p. 234)
Logotherapy; Viktor Frankl
Man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment (p. 234)
Analytic psychology; Carl Jung
Ameliorate mind/body split (#167); people are not bad or good. People have the capacity to govern life effectively as "whole." People are part of their environment and must be viewed as such (p. 234)
Gestalt; Fritz Perls
The individual is good and moves toward growth and self-actualization (p. 234); stresses that a counselor be genuine, have unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding (#388)
Person-centered counseling; Carl Rogers
Humans are like other animals; mechanistic and controlled via environmental stimuli and reinforcement contingencies; not good or bad; no self-determination or freedom (p. 234)
Behavioristic psychology/behavior modification; B.F. Skinner
Messages learned about self in childhood determine whether person is good or bad, though intervention can change this script (p. 234)
Transactional analysis (TA); Eric Berne
Individuals strive to meet basic physiological needs and the need to be worthwhile to self and others. Brain as control system tries to meet needs (p. 234)
Reality therapy; William Glasser
Person produces and is a product of conditioning (p. 234)
Neobehavioristic; Bandura
Through education and scientific data, man can become himself. Humans are born with potential for good or evil. Others are needed to help unleash positive potential. Man is mainly rational, not intuitive (p. 234)
Trait-factor; Williamson
Developed the cognitive therapy approach and the B_ _ _ Depression Inventory (BDI) (#352)
Aaron T. Beck
Primal scream therapy
Arthur Janov
This person's drama triangle is used most often in transactional analysis (TA) as a teaching device to illuminate the roles of persecutor, rescuer, and victim ( #459); He suggested that only these three roles are necessary for manipulative drama (#360)
Karpman
He introduced existential therapy in the U.S. (#320)
Rollo May
Father of rational-behavior therapy which is similar to REBT but emphasizes a written self-analysis (#351)
Maxie C. Maultsby
His approach is called "Self-Instructional Therapy" (#353)
Donald Meichenbaum
His theory includes, sensorimoter, preoperations, concrete operation, and formal operations (#5)
Jean Piaget
Associated with implosive therapy (#310)
T.G. Stampfl
Associated with Law of Effect (trial and error learning)
Edward Thorndike
He proposed there are 3 types of groups: guidance, counseling, and psychotherapy (#413)
George Gazda
He is associated with "field theory" in which cohesiveness was seen as a binding force among group members; when cohesiveness goes up, absenteeism and other negative factors go down. High cohesiveness leads to high group productivity and commitment (#412)
Kurt Lewin
Labeled by Kurt Lewin, this is the binding force between group members (#412)
Positive valence
Associated with conducting the first group therapy sessions from 1905-1923
Joseph H. Pratt
Founding Father of Guidance (p. 293)
Frank Parsons
Career counseling trailblazer (#501)
John O. Crites
The unseen, yet unbreachable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements (no #)
Glass ceiling phenomenon