Chapter 10 of Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (10th ed.)-Corey

a. Support, understanding, warmth, and empathy
b. Awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing
c. Thinking, assessing, deciding, analyzing and doing *
d. Subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being

The cognitive behavioral approach to therapy stresses:

a. Blame *
b. Resentment
c. Rage
d. Unfinished business

According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?

a. Antecedent, behavior, consequences
b. Activating events, behaviors, cognitions
c. Antecedent, belief, cognitions
d. Activating event, belief, consequence *

The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:

a. Positive interests and weaknesses
b. Obstacles and positive interests
c. Negative interests and strengths
d. Positive interests and strengths *

In strengths-based CBT, ______________ identified in early therapy sessions can provide a wealth of information to help therapist and client collaboratively integrate strengths into case conceptualization and treatment.

a. Become an "existential partner" with the client
b. Create a climate of safety and freedom from threat
c. Reveal irrational disputes, and help clients change their thinking and philosophy of life *
d. Encourage the client to experience fully the here-an

The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:

a. Co-therapist
b. Passive observer
c. Student or learner *
d. Partner

The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:

a. Negative cognitive triad
b. Generic cognitive model
c. Collaborative empiricism
d. Lifestyle assessment *

Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the concepts below except:

a. Help clients with unresolved issues of the past
b. Attempt to reveal inadequate ego-defenses mechanisms
c. Are collaborative, active, here-and-now focused, and client-centered *
d. Are behaviorists and less active than most cognitive therapists

Strengths-based CBT therapists:

a. Taking oneself too seriously *
b. Living by the values our parents gave us
c. Refusing to deal with unfinished business
d. Having learned maladaptive behaviors

According to Ellis, emotional disturbances often result from

a. People's thought processes are accessible to introspection
b. People's beliefs have highly personal meanings
c. People must re-experience the past and process their feelings before change can happen *
d. People can discover these meanings themselves ra

All of the following are theoretical assumptions of Beck's CT, except:

a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business *
b. It involves emotional components
c. It involves behavioral components
d. It helps reveal irrational beliefs

Which of the following is NOT true about role playing in REBT?

a. Biofeedback
b. Homework *
c. Dream analysis
d. Skill training

Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client become increasingly proficient at minimizing irrational thinking and disturbances in feeling and behaving?

a. Exposing clients to anxiety provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery
b. Evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests *
c. Teaching clients to become aware of the anxiety-provoking cogni

Which of the following is NOT part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping skills program?

a. Behavioral rehearsals
b. Self-monitoring
c. Cognitive restructuring
d. Tapping into the unconscious realm *

Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:

a. Assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs
b. Help clients experience their feelings more intensely
c. Assist individuals to dispel self-defeating cognitions and to teach people how to acquire a rational approach to living
d

In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:

A-B-C model of personality

Temporal sequence of antecedents, behavior, and consequences. The theory that people's problems do not stem from activating events but from their beliefs about such events. Thus, the best route to changing problematic emotions is to change one's beliefs a

Arbitrary inferences

A form of cognitive distortion that refers to making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence.

Automatic thoughts

Maladaptive thoughts that appear to arise reflexively, without conscious deliberation.

Cognitive behavior modification (CBM

A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing the client's selfverbalizations.

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT):

A treatment approach that aims at changing cognitions that are leading to psychological problems.

Cognitive distortions

In cognitive therapy, the client's misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimization, labeling and mislabeling, dichotomous thinking, and personalization.

Cognitive narrative perspective

Focuses on the stories people tell about themselves and others regarding significant events in their lives.

Cognitive restructuring

A process of actively altering maladaptive thought patterns and replacing them with constructive and adaptive thoughts and beliefs

Cognitive structure

The organizing aspect of thinking, which monitors and directs the choice of thoughts; implies an "executive processor," one that determines when to continue, interrupt, or change thinking patterns.

Cognitive therapy (CT):

An approach and set of procedures that attempts to change feelings and behavior by modifying faulty thinking and believing.

Cognitive triad

A pattern that triggers depression.

Collaborative empiricism

: A strategy of viewing the client as a scientist who is able to make objective interpretations. The process in which therapist and client work together to phrase the client's faulty beliefs as hypotheses and design homework so that the client can test th

Constructivist approach

A recent development in cognitive therapy that emphasizes the subjective framework and interpretations of the client rather than looking to the objective bases of faulty beliefs.

Constructivist narrative perspective:

An approach that focuses on the stories that people tell about them themselves and others regarding significant events in their lives.

Coping skills program

A behavioral procedure for helping clients deal effectively with stressful situations by learning to modify their thinking patterns.

Dichotomous thinking

A cognitive error that involves categorizing experiences in either-or extremes.

Distortion of reality

Erroneous thinking that disrupts one's life; can be contradicted by the client's objective appraisal of the situation.

Generic cognitive model

Describes principles pertaining to all CT applications from depression and anxiety treatments to therapies for a wide variety of other problems.

Homework

Carefully designed and agreed-upon assignments aimed at getting clients to carry out positive actions that induce emotional and attitudinal change. These assignments are checked in later sessions, and clients learn effective ways to dispute self-defeating

Internal dialogue

The sentences that people tell themselves and the debate that often goes on "inside their head"; a form of self-talk, or inner speech.

Irrational belief

An unreasonable conviction that leads to emotional and behavioral problems.

Labeling and mislabeling

Portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity.

Magnification and minimization

Perceiving a case or a situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.

Musturbation

A term coined by Ellis to refer to behavior that is absolutist and rigid. We tell ourselves that we must, should, or ought to do or be something.

Negative cognitive triad

Negative views of the self (self-criticism), the world (pessimism), and the future
(hopelessness).

Overgeneralization

A process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings.

Personalization

A tendency for people to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection.

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A theory based on the assumption that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact significantly and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship.

Rational emotive imagery

A form of intense mental practice for learning new emotional and physical habits. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving in exactly the way they would like to in everyday situations.

Rationality:

The quality of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that will help us attain our goals. Irrationality consists of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that are self-defeating and that thwart our goals.

Relapse prevention

Procedure for promoting long-term maintenance that involves identifying situations in which clients are likely to regress to old patterns and developing coping skills for such situations.

Schema

Core beliefs that are centrally related to dysfunctional behaviors. The process of cognitive therapy involves restructuring distorted core beliefs (or schema).

Selective abstraction

A cognitive distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event.

Self-instructional therapy

: An approach to therapy based on the assumption that what people say to themselves directly influences the things they do. Training consists of learning new self-talk aimed at coping with problems.

Self-talk

What people "say" to themselves when they are thinking. The internal dialogue that goes on within an individual in stressful situations.

Shame-attacking exercises

A strategy used in REBT therapy that encourages people to do things despite a fear of feeling foolish or embarrassed. The aim of the exercise is to teach people that they can function effectively even if they might be perceived as doing foolish acts.

Socratic dialogue

: A process that cognitive therapists use in helping clients empirically test their core beliefs. Clients form hypotheses about their behavior through observation and monitoring

Strengths-based cognitive behavior therapy (SB-CBT):

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes clients' strengths, resilience, and resources for positive change.

Stress inoculation

Individuals are given opportunities to deal with relatively mild stress stimuli in successful ways, so that they gradually develop a tolerance for stronger stimuli.

Stress inoculation training (SIT):

A form of cognitive behavior modification developed by Donald Meichenbaum that is a combination of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral rehearsals, self-monitoring, self-instruc

Therapeutic collaboration:

A process whereby the therapist strives to engage the client's active participation in all phases of therapy.

Thought records

Aimed at assisting clients in identifying negative automatic thoughts and testing them by looking for evidence that does and does not support the negative thoughts.

The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:
a. William Glasser.
b. Frederick Perls.
c. Albert Ellis.
d. Joseph Wolpe.

c. Albert Ellis.

The use of constructive questions, the importance of identifying client imagery and metaphors for change, and an
emphasis on client strengths are innovations that formed the foundation of which therapeutic approach?
a. Existential
b. Client-centered
c. Ps

d. Strengths-based cognitive behavioral

The cognitive behavioral approach to therapy stresses:
a. support, understanding, warmth, and empathy.
b. awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing.
c. thinking, assessing, deciding, analyzing, and doing.
d. subjectivity, existential anxie

c. thinking, assessing, deciding, analyzing, and doing.

The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:
a. antecedent, behavior, consequences.
b. activating events, behaviors, cognitions.
c. antecedent, belief, cognitions.
d. activating event, belief, consequence.

d. activating event, belief, consequence.

The four-step model of strengths-based CBT to build resilience include all of the following, except:
a. search.
b. construct.
c. apply.
d. discover.

d. discover.

According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
a. Blame
b. Resentment
c. Rage
d. Unfinished business

a. Blame

The four steps of the strengths-based CBT application of the NEW paradigm for chronic issues and personality
disorders include all of the following, except:
a. conceptualize the OLD system of operating and help clients understand they do things "for good

d. strength training.

Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts?
a. "I must do well and be loved and approved by others."
b. "Other people must treat me fairly, kindly, and well."
c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good

c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person.

The main idea of __________ is that active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more
fully in therapy and often provides avenues for change that otherwise would be missed.
a. cognitive therapy
b. strengths-based CBT
c. Gestalt th

b. strengths-based CBT

The main therapeutic goal of REBT is to:
a. minimize clients' emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors.
b. make the unconscious conscious.
c. assist the client in becoming aware of his or her "being-in-the-world."
d. challenge the client in mak

a. minimize clients' emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors.

The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:
a. become an "existential partner" with the client.
b. create a climate of safety and freedom from threat.
c. reveal irrational disputes, and help clients change their thinking and philos

c. reveal irrational disputes, and help clients change their thinking and philosophy of life.

. In strengths-based CBT, __________ identified in early therapy sessions can provide a wealth of information to
help therapist and client collaboratively integrate strengths into case conceptualization and treatment.
a. positive interests and weaknesses

d. positive interests and strengths

The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:
a. co-therapist.
b. passive observer.
c. student or learner.
d. partner.

c. student or learner.

Who embraces a cognitive narrative perspective on CBT?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Donald Meichenbaum
c. A. T. Beck
d. Judith Beck

b. Donald Meichenbaum

15. A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is its:
a. use of the A-B-C theory in analyzing the client.
b. use of behavioral techniques.
c. applicability to group work.
d. process to identify and dispute irrationa

d. process to identify and dispute irrational beliefs that have been acquired and self-constructed and are now maintained by self-indoctrination.

Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the concepts below except:
a. negative cognitive triad.
b. generic cognitive model.
c. collaborative empiricism.
d. lifestyle assessment.

d. lifestyle assessment.

In the strengths-based CBT four step model to build resilience, a key to the fourth stage of therapy is that the client:
a. sets a goal to "be resilient in the face of challenges."
b. avoids exploring possible high-risk stressful situations.
c. learns tha

a. sets a goal to "be resilient in the face of challenges.

. Which of the following is not one of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress inoculation program?
a. The application and follow-through phase
b. The conceptual-educational phase
c. The skills acquisition and consolidation phase
d. The therapeutic role

d. The therapeutic role modeling phase

According to Ellis, emotional disturbances often result from:
a. taking oneself too seriously.
b. living by the values our parents gave us.
c. refusing to deal with unfinished business.
d. having learned maladaptive behaviors.

a. taking oneself too seriously.

Strengths-based CBT therapists:
a. help clients with unresolved issues of the past.
b. attempt to reveal inadequate ego-defense mechanisms.
c. are collaborative, active, here-and-now focused, and client-centered.
d. are behaviorists and less active than m

c. are collaborative, active, here-and-now focused, and client-centered.

Strengths-based CBT practitioners ask clients for __________ to describe their experiences, both positive and
negative.
a. imagery and dreams
b. imagery and metaphors
c. dreams and metaphors
d. metaphors and insight

b. imagery and metaphors

. Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client become increasingly proficient at minimizing irrational
thinking and disturbances in feeling and behaving?
a. Biofeedback
b. Homework
c. Dream analysis
d. Skill training

b. Homework

All of the following are theoretical assumptions of Beck's CT, except:
a. people's thought processes are accessible to introspection.
b. people's beliefs have highly personal meanings.
c. people must re-experience the past and process their feelings befor

c. people must re-experience the past and process their feelings before change can happen.

The REBT technique that involves having clients vividly imagine one of the worst things that might happen to them and to describe their disturbing feelings is called:
a. cognitive homework.
b. disputing irrational beliefs.
c. role playing.
d. rational-emo

d. rational-emotive imagery.

. Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?
a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.
b. It involves emotional components.
c. It involves behavioral components.
d. It helps reveal irrational beliefs.

a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.

Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"
a. Role playing
b. Desensitization
c. Cognitive homework
d. Shame-attacking exercises

d. Shame-attacking exercises

All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional training, except that:
a. it was developed by Meichenbaum.
b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring.
c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called

c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change
therapy.

Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping skills program?
a. Exposing clients to anxiety-provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery
b. Evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both p

b. Evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests

. __________ are integrated into each phase of treatment in strengths-based CBT beginning with the intake interview.
a. Strengths
b. Weaknesses
c. Client beliefs
d. Client concerns

a. Strengths

In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance?
a. Using emotive techniques
b. Collaborative empiricism
c. Automatic thoughts
d. Inner speech

d. Inner speech

Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:
a. behavioral rehearsals.
b. self-monitoring.
c. cognitive restructuring.
d. tapping into the unconscious realm.

d. tapping into the unconscious realm.

One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that:
a. clients learn to minimize symptoms through a profound change in philosophy.
b. clients can remain relatively emotionally disengaged.
c. leaders take a non-directive stance.
d. leade

a. clients learn to minimize symptoms through a profound change in philosophy.

In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:
a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs.
b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely.
c. assist individuals to dispel self-defeating cognitions and to teach p

c. assist individuals to dispel self-defeating cognitions and to teach people how to acquire a rational approach to living.

The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as:
a. magnification and exaggeration.
b. polarized thinking.
c. arbitrary inference.
d. overgenera

b. polarized thinking.

Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of:
a. stress symptoms.
b. anxiety reactions.
c. phobias.
d. depression.

d. depression.

The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction

c. arbitrary inferences.

The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.

d. selective abstraction.

The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.

b. overgeneralization.

The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. personalization.

d. personalization.

The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences
d.

a. labeling and mislabeling.

Like cognitive therapy, strengths-based CBT is empirically based. T or F

True

. Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy. T or F

False

Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems. T or F

True

Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session. T or F

True

. Strengths-based CBT is a variant of Albert Ellis' REBT. T or F

False

Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification shares with REBT and Beck's cognitive therapy the assumption that distressing emotions are often the result of maladaptive thoughts. T or F

True

According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem. T or F

True

REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination. T or F

True

One of Beck's early contributions was to recognize that regardless of the cause of depression, once people became depressed, their thinking reflected what Beck referred to as the negative cognitive triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the fut

True

There is not a very good fit between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural therapy. T or F

False

Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems. T or F

True

The cognitive behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' self-statements is a key to changing their behavior. T or F

True

There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard. T or F

False

Cognitive therapy can be effectively employed in crisis intervention. T or F

True

During strengths-based CBT therapy, clients often discover that they use less resilient strategies when they encounter obstacles in areas of positive interest than they do in problem areas of their life. T or F

False

Rational emotive imagery involves behavior change only. T or F

False

Beck's therapeutic approach originally focused on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms. T or F

True

Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive.T or F

False

Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person's self-statements. T or F

True

Clients learn that "musts," "oughts," and absolute "shoulds" can be replaced by preferences in REBT. T or F

True

Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification focuses on changing a client's self-talk. T or F

True

All of the cognitive behavioral approaches share the same basic characteristics and assumptions as traditional behavior therapy. T or F

True

In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schema. T or F

True

According to Beck, selective abstraction is clients taking all the details of an event and using this information to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs. T or F

False

Magnification and minimization consist of perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves. T or F

True

A goal of REBT is to assist clients in the process of achieving conditional self-acceptance, conditional other acceptance, and conditional life-acceptance. T or F

False

Meichenbaum's self-instructional training focuses on helping clients become aware of their self-talk and the stories they tell about themselves. T or F

True

According to the generic cognitive model, our beliefs do not play a major role in determining what type of psychological distress we will experience. T or F

False

Psychoeducational methods include materials such as books, DVDs, and articles. T or F

True

Collaborative empiricism involves a cognitive therapist's collaboration with colleagues on a client's case. T or F

False