Theories True/False

Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.

True

Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.

True

Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.?

False

Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.

False

Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems in which they are embedded.?

True

Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.

True

Family systems therapy is represented by a variety of theories and approaches, all of which focus on the relational aspects of human problems.?

True

There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice.

False

Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.

False

Like cognitive therapy, strengths-based CBT is empirically based.?

True

Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy

False

Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems.?

True

Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session.?

True

Strengths-based CBT is a variant of Albert Ellis' REBT

False

?Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification shares with REBT and Beck's cognitive therapy the assumption that distressing emotions are often the result of maladaptive thoughts.

True

According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.?

True

REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination

True

One of Beck's early contributions was to recognize that regardless of the cause of depression, once people became depressed, their thinking reflected what Beck referred to as the negative cognitive triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the fut

True

There is not a very good fit between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural therapy

False

Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.?

True

. The cognitive behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' selfstatements is a key to changing their behavior.?

True

There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard

False

Rational emotive imagery involves behavior change only.?

False

Cognitive therapy can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.?

True

During strengths-based CBT therapy, clients often discover that they use less resilient strategies when they encounter obstacles in areas of positive interest than they do in problem areas of their life.?

False

Beck's therapeutic approach originally focused on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms.?

True

Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive

False

Stress inoculation is a copingskills approach designed to change a person's selfstatements.?

True

Clients learn that "musts," "oughts," and absolute "shoulds" can be replaced by preferences in REBT.?

True

Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification focuses on changing a client's selftalk.?

True

All of the cognitive behavioral approaches share the same basic characteristics and assumptions as traditional behavior therapy.?

True

In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schema.

True

According to Beck, selective abstraction is clients taking all the details of an event and using this information to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs.?

False

Magnification and minimization consist of perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.?

True

A goal of REBT is to assist clients in the process of achieving conditional self-acceptance, conditional other acceptance, and conditional life-acceptance.?

False

Meichenbaum's self?instructional training focuses on helping clients become aware of their self?talk and the stories they tell about themselves.?

True

?Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.

False

Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.?

True

A criticism of behavior therapy is that it treats symptoms rather than causes problems.?

True

Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.

False

The third generation (or "third wave") of behavior therapy emphasizes considerations that were considered off limits for behavior therapists until recently.?

True

Modeling methods have been used in treating people with anger management issues and in teaching new behaviors to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

True

A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking in behavior.

True

In regards to third-generation behavior therapies, one of the core themes is creating a life worth living.?

True

?A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client's problem.

True

Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the "third wave" of behavior therapy. ?

False

Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.?

False

Third-generation behavior therapies center around five interrelated core themes.?

True

Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain.

True

There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.?

False

Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.?

True

Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.?

True

Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.?

True

In mindfulness practice, clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their "past experience with acceptance."?

False

Through mindfulness exercises, veterans may be better able to observe repetitive negative thinking and prevent extensive engagement with maladaptive ruminative processes.?

True

Evidence-based therapies are a hallmark of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.?

True

Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.?

True

Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.?

False

Acceptance and commitment therapy is an example of a mindfulness based approach.?

True

Mindfulness shows promise across a broad range of clinical problems, including the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, relationship problems, substance abuse, and psychophysiological disorders. ?

True

There is little empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).?

False

Behavior therapy practitioners focus on directly observable behavior, current determinants of behavior, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment and evaluation.?

True

Acceptance is one of the third?generation behavior therapies' five interrelated core themes.?

False

In acceptance and commitment therapy, values are a basic part; however, the work does not depend on what an individual wants and values.?

False

Progressive muscle relaxation has become increasingly popular as a method of teaching people to cope with stresses produced by daily living.?

True

Many therapeutic approaches are incorporating mindfulness and meditation, as well as other contemplative practices, in the counseling process.?

True

Reality therapists believe in a generational basis for mental illness.

False

Reality therapy is not well-suited to group counseling.?

False

Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.?

False

Glasser believes the need to love and to belong are secondary needs.?

False

Most recently, reality therapy has been applied to management and supervision, coaching, family therapy, and parenting. It is now taught and embedded in every continent except Antarctica.?

True

One of the procedures of reality therapy is to work through unfinished business from the past.?

False

Glasser took the position that schools needed to be structured in ways to help students achieve a success identity as opposed to a failure identity.?

True

Reality therapists see therapeutic value in working with a client's dreams.?

False

Reality therapists ask clients to take a hard look at whether their current actions are working for them.?

True

Reality therapy sees transference as a way for the therapist to avoid getting personally involved in the clients' lives.?

True

The core of reality therapy is developing a plan for change as a way of translating talk into action.?

True

The first step in the process of reality therapy consists of a comprehensive assessment leading to a specific diagnosis.?

False

Commitment puts the responsibility directly on clients for changing.?

True

Reality therapists refuse to accept excuses.?

True

Reality therapists use punishment as a way to help clients follow through with their plans and commitments.?

False

Reality therapy tends to be a long-term approach.?

False

Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.?

True

It is essential for the therapist to establish a satisfying relationship with clients as a prerequisite for effective therapy. Once this relationship is developed, the skill of the therapist as listener and teacher assumes a central role

True

Reality therapists see clients as being responsible for their own choices as they have more control of their behavior than they often believe

True

Choice theory is based on the assumption that people are in charge of their own destiny

True

Reality therapists maintain that clients will not change unless they assume a self-critical attitude

False

Clients are expected to focus on their feelings and attitudes, and then their behavior will change

False

Glasser recommends that therapists look back for the causes of a client's present failures.?

False

A main function of the reality therapist is to encourage clients to assess their behavior to determine how well it is working for them

True

Reality therapy is often used in treating drug and alcohol abusers

True

It is the job of the reality therapist to convey the idea that no matter how bad things are there is hope

True

The SAMIC3 plan is an essential part of the evaluation phase of the WDEP system

False

Robert Wubbolding stresses the importance of a supportive and challenging therapeutic environment.?

True

Reality therapy is an open system that allows for flexibility in application based on the needs of culturally diverse individuals.?

True

Addressing what clients are presently doing and asking clients to evaluate what they want to change fits well in various settings.?

True

Feminist therapy is not static, but is continually evolving.?

True

Feminist therapists do not tend to engage in self-disclosure because of their concern over unduly influencing the client.

False

By considering contextual variables, symptoms are reframed as survival strategies

True

The contemporary version of feminist therapy and the multicultural and social justice perspectives to counseling practice have a great deal in common.?

True

Feminist therapists restrict their practices to women clients

False

Feminist therapists avoid sharing their values with clients in order to reduce the chance of value imposition

False

Feminist therapists work to demystify the counseling relationship

True

Bibliotherapy is frequently used in feminist therapy.

True

Feminist therapy incorporates techniques from many of the various traditional approaches.

True

Therapists aim to lessen the suffering caused by disconnection and isolation, increase clients' capacity for relational resilience, develop mutual empathy and mutual empowerment, and foster social justice.

True

It is possible to incorporate the principle of feminist therapy with a multicultural perspective.

True

A feminist therapist generally does not expect the client to assume responsibility for making internal or external changes.?

False

According to feminist therapists, an intrapsychic orientation tends to result in blaming the victim.

True

A distinctive feature of feminist therapy is the assumption that direct action for social change is one of the responsibilities of therapists.?

True

An androcentric theory uses female-oriented constructs to draw conclusions about human nature.?

False

Diagnoses are based on the dominant culture's view of normalcy and therefore cannot account for cultural differences.?

True

A distinctive feature of feminist therapy is the assumption that direct action for social change is one of the responsibilities of therapists.

True

Feminist therapists emphasize that societal gender role expectations profoundly influence a person's identity from birth and become deeply ingrained in adult personality.

True

According to the relational-cultural model, a woman's sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others.?

True

In feminist therapy, adjustment rather than transcendence is a primary goal of therapy.

False

Today's feminists believe that gender can be considered separately from other identity areas such as race, ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation.?

False

The contemporary version of feminist therapy and the multicultural and social justice approaches to counseling practice have a great deal in common.

True

Making oppression transparent is the first step in feminist therapy, but the ultimate goal is to replace sexism and other forms of discrimination and oppression with empowerment for all marginalized groups.

True

The beginnings of feminism can be traced to the late 1800s, but it is the women's movement of the 1960s that laid the foundation for the development of feminist therapy.?

True

While most feminist therapists believe that gender is always an important factor, they realize that ethnicity, sexual orientation, and class may be more important factors in certain situations for many women.

True

Empowerment is a central tenet of feminist psychotherapy.

True

Feminist therapy is a technically integrative approach that emphasizes the analysis of gender, power, and social location as strategies for facilitating change.

True

Historically, feminist psychotherapy groups were a vehicle for consciousness-raising.?

True

Feminist group work uses a structured approach and focuses on the use of techniques.

False

Theories and techniques are based on the lives and experiences of individuals (lived experiences) as well as research supporting gender and other inequities.

True

Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings.?

True

SFBT is an optimistic, antideterministic, future-oriented approach based on the assumption that clients have the ability to change quickly and can create a problem-free language as they strive for a new reality.

True

The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy.?

False

A key theme of SFBT is, when you know what is working, do more of it. If something is not working, try something different.?

True

Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client's past as it helps them understand the origins of client's stories.?

False

In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in a client's life was not prominent.

True

The solution-focused approach was originally designed as a brief model of psychotherapy.?

True

The main goal of brief therapy is to help clients efficiently resolve problems and to move forward as quickly as possible

True

In solution-focused brief therapy, the role of the client is to create, explore, and co-author his or her evolving story.

True

Without the cultural conditions that accept the concept of depression, talking about a person as depressed would mean nothing.?

True

Solution-focused brief therapy differs from traditional therapies by eschewing the past in favor of both the present and the future.?

True

Assessment and therapy techniques are more important than empathy to a social constructionist

False

In postmodern thinking, language and the use of language in stories create meaning.?

True

The linguistic approach stresses the expert role of the therapist in suggesting solutions to a family's problems.

False

Narrative therapy is a strengths-based approach that emphasizes collaboration between client and therapist to help clients view themselves as empowered and living the way they want.?

True

Even science is not free from the influence of such processes of social construction.?

True

Solution-focused therapists often use scaling questions.?

True

Modernists believe in the ability to describe objective reality accurately and assume that it can be observed and systematically known through the scientific method.

True

In solution-focused therapy, behavior change is viewed as the most effective approach to assisting people in enhancing their lives.?

True

In social constructionism, the therapist assumes the role of expert, rather than adopting a collaborative or consultative stance.

False

Externalizing conversations counteract oppressive, problem-saturated stories and empower clients to feel competent to handle the problems they face.?

True

Solution-focused brief therapy is grounded on the optimistic assumption that people are healthy and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can enhance their lives.

True

Clients are never stuck in a pattern of living a problem-saturated story that does not work.?

False

The narrative emphasis on creating an appreciative audience for new developments in an individual's life lends itself to group counseling.?

True

All social constructionist theories emphasize listening to clients without judgment or blame, affirming and valuing them.?

True

Bowen's multigenerational approach stresses techniques more than it does theory.?

False

Family systems therapy represents a paradigm shift that is sometimes called "the fourth force."?

True

One of the key contributions of most systemic approaches is that neither the individual nor the family is blamed for a particular dysfunction.

True

The goal of Bowen's multigenerational family therapy is to understand one's family of origin issues and to differentiate self within a system.

True

The cornerstone of Bowen's theory is differentiation of self.

True

Some family therapists focus primarily on the nuclear family, which is based on Western notions, and this could clearly be a shortcoming in working with clients in extended families.

True

Interventions used by the structural-strategic approaches include joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, and reframing.

True

Satir's human validation model focuses on functional versus dysfunctional communication in families.

True

Because Bowen's multigenerational approach looks at families from a threegenerational perspective, the therapist is mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much attention to present issues.

False

Minuchin's structuralstrategic therapy is based on the notion that an individual's symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual's sym

True

Structural-strategic family therapy deals with boundaries.?

True

The goal of structural-strategic family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.

False

Structural-strategic family therapists limit their interventions to families alone.

False

Minuchin's approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action.

False

Structural-strategic family therapy has its foundation in behavioral theory.

False

Structural-strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.?

False

The focus of structural-strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.?

False

The process of differentiation occurs in most cultures, but it takes on a different shape due to cultural norms.

True

The role of the family therapist involves being in charge of the session.

True

Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.?

False

Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.

False