Who is the person who developed logotherapy?
Victor Frankl
What is the most crucial quality of a therapist in building an effective relationship with a therapist?
the therapist's authenticity
Who is the person who was the main American spokesperson of European existential thinking as it applies to pscyhotherapy?
Rollo May
The existential approach is based on
the philosophical concern with what it means to be fully human
Which of the following is a limitation of the existential approach in working with culturally diverse client populations?
the focus on one's own responsibility rather than on changing social conditions
Existential therapy places emphasis on
the quality of the client-therapist relationship
One function of the existentinal therapist is to
understand the client's subjective world
The existential therapist would probably agree that
ultimately we are alone
According to the existential view, anxiety is a
part of the human condition
The central them rneaning through the works of Viktor Frankl is
the will to meaning
What is not a key concept of existential therapy?
it is based on a well-defined set of techniques and procedures
Resistance is seen as part of ______: how a person understands his or her being and relationship to the world at large.
the self-and-world construct
Guilt and anxiety are viewed by existential therapists as
none of the above
Existential therapy is basically
an experiential and relational approach
In person-centered group counseling, the role of the counselor is best described as a
facilitator
Emotion-based therapy
a. is rooted in a person-centered philosophy
b. incorporates aspects of Gestalt therapy into the process
c.incorporates aspects of existential therapy into the process
d. both a and b
e. all of the above
answer is E
In what stage of change do individuals intend to take action immediately and report some small behavioral changes?
c. preparation
Unconditional positive regard refers to
accepting clients as worthy persons
A limitation of the person-centered approach is
tendency for practitioners to give support without challenging clients sufficiently
Person-centered therapy is a form of
humanisitic therapy
Congruence refers to the therapist's
genuineness
In person-centered therapy, transference is
not an essential or significant factor in the therapy process.
Accurate empathetic understanding refers to the therapist's ability to
sense the inner world of the client's subjective experience
Rogers made a contribution to
a. developing the humanisitic movement in psychotherapy
b. pioneering research in the process and outcome of therapy
c. fostering world peace
d. pioneering the encounter-group movement
e. all the above
Which of the following is considered important in person-centered therapy therapy?
a. accurate diagnosis
b. accurate therapist interpretation
c. therapeutic experiments
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Which technique is most often used in the person-centered approach?
active listening and reflection
Which statement is most true of person-centered theory?
the techniques a therapist uses are less important than are less important than are his or her attitudes.
One strength of the person-centered approach is that
therapists have the latitude to develop their own counseling style
As a result of experiencing person-centered therapy, it is hypothesized that the client will move toward
a. self-trust
b. an internal source of evaluation
c. being more open to experience
d. a willingness to continue growing
e. all of the above
Which statement is most true of person-centered theory?
d. the techniques a therapist uses are less important than are his or her attitudes.
Existential Therapy
born from philosophy
Phenomenological philosophy of "humanness"
Humans are in a constant state of trannsition, evolving and becoming
Clients are searching for meaning in their subjective worlds
Common questions/sources of existential angst for clients
Who am I?"
"I will die."
"What does it all mean?"
"Will I die alone?"
"How am I going to get to where I want to be in my life?
Key founders of existential therapy:
Viktor Frankl
Rollo May
A Philosophical/Intellectual Approach to Therapy
BASIC DIMENSIONS OF THE HUMAN CONDITION
-The capacity for self-awareness
-The tension between freedom and responsibility
-The creation of an idenitiy & establishing meaningful relationships
-The search for meaning
-Accepting anxiety as a condition of living
-The awareness of death and nonbeing
The capacity for self-awareness
The greater our awareness, the greater our possibilities
for possibilities for freedom
Awareness is realizing that:
We are finite--time is limited
We have the potential and choice, to act or not to act
Meaning is not automatic--we must seek it
We are subject to loneliness, meaninglessness, emptiness, guilt, and isolation
Meaning
like pleasure, meaning must be pursued obliquely
FInding meaning in life is a by-product of a commitment to creating, loving, and working
The will to meaning
our primary striving
Life is not meaningful in itself: the person must create and discover meaning
Identity is "the courage to be
We must trust ourselves to search within and find our own answers.
Our greatest fear is that we will discover that there us ______.
no core, no self
Being existentially "alone" helps us to discover our
authentic self
Relatedness
At their best relationships are based on our, desire for fulfillment, not our deprivation
Relatedness continued
Relationships that spring from our sense of deprivation are clinging, parasitic, and symbiotic
Clients must distinguish between neurotic dependence and the authentic need to be with others
Balancing _____ and _______ helps us to develop a unique identity and live authentically in the moment.
aloneness
relatedness
Existential anxiety is normal
Life cannot be lived, nor can death be faced, without anixety
Existential therapists helps clients develop a healthy view of _____.
anxiety
Anxiety can be a stimulus for growth as we become aware of and accept our ______.
freedom
Anxiety can be a _____ for living authentically and fully.
catalyst
We can blunt our anxiety by ______ that there is security in life.
security in life
If we have the courage to face ourselves and life we may be ______, but we will able to change.
frightened
Goals of Existential Therapy
-Helping clients to accept their freedom and responsibility to act
- Assisting people in coming to terms with the crises in their lives
-Encouraging clients to recognize the ways in which they are not living fully authentic lives
-Inviting clients to beco
The relationship between a client and therapist demands that therapists must be in contact with their
own phenomenological world
The core of the therapeutic relationship
Respect and faith in the clients' potential to cope
Sharing reactions with genuine concern and empathy
Provides an ideal environment for therapeutic work on responsibility
-Clients are responsible for their behavior in group
-Group settings provide a mirror of how clients may act in the world
-Through feedback members learn to view themselves through another's eyes
-Members learn how their behavior affects others
-Build int
Limitations of Existential Psychotherapy
-Individualistic focus may not fit within the world views of clients from a collectivistic culture
-The high focus on self-determination may not fully account for real-life limitations of those who are oppressed and have limited choices
-Some clients pref
Founder of Person- Centered Therapy
Carl Rogers
Person-Centered View of Human Nature
-At their core, humans are trustworthy and positive
-Humans are capable of making change and living productive, effective lives
Humans innately gravitate toward ______
self-actualization
Actualizing tendency
Given the right growth-fostering conditions, individuals strive to move foward and fulfill their creative nature
Person-Centered Therapy emphasizes:
-Therapy as a journey shared by two fallible people
-The person's innate striving for self-actualization
-The personal characteristics of the therapist and the quality of the therapeutic relationship
-The counselor's creation of a permissive, "growht- pro
Congruence
Genuineness or realness in the therapy session
Therapist's behavior match his or her words
Accurate empathic understanding
-The ability to deeply grasp the client's subjective world
-Helper attitudes are more important than knowledge
-The therapist need not experience the situation to develop an understanding of it from the client's perspective
In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist is
invested in developing his or her own life experiences to deepen self-knowledge and move toward self-actualization
In Person-Centered Therapy, Group Therapy
Individuals learn that they do not have to experience the process of change alone and grow from the support of group members
Limitations of Person-Centered Therapy
people from collectivist societies may not favor this approach