Bracketing
The ability of counselors to manage their personal values so that they do not contaminate the counseling process.
Countertransference
The process of therapists seeing in their clients patterns of their own behavior, over identifying with clients, or meeting their own needs through their clients.
Analytical Psychology
An elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion
Brief Psychodynamic Therapy (BPT)
An adaptation of the principles of psychoanalytic theory and therapy aimed at treating selective disorders within a preestablished time limit.
Classical Psychoanallysis
The traditional (Freudian) approach to psychoanalysis based on a long-term exploration of past conflicts, many of which are unconscious, and an extensive process of working through early wounds.
Collective unconscious
From a Jungian perspective, the deepest level of the psyche that contains an accumulation of inherited experiences.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
A blend of cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques that generally involves a minimum of one year of treatment.
Denial
An effort to suppress unpleasant reality. It consists of coping with anxiety by "closing our eyes" to the existence of anxiety-producing reality.
Displacement
An ego-defense mechanism that entails redirection of some emotion from a real source to a substitute person or object.
Introjection
A process of taking in the values and standards of others.
Dream Analysis
A technique for uncovering unconscious material and giving clients insight into some of their unresolved problems. Therapists participate with clients in exploring dreams and in interpreting possible meanings.
Free Association
A primary technique, consisting of spontaneous and uncensored verbalize toon by the client, klwhich gives clues to the nature of the client's unconscious conflicts
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy involving a shortening and simplifying the lengthy process of psychoanalysis
Psychodynammics
The interplay of opposing forces and intrapsychic conflicts that provide a basic for understanding human motivation.
Rationalization
An ego-defense mechanism whereby we attempt to justify our behavior by imputing logical motives to it.
Regression
An ego-defense mechanism whereby an individual reverts to a less mature form of behavior as a way of coping with extreme stress.
Repression
The ego-defense mechanism whereby threatening or painful thoughts or feelings are excluded from awareness.
Sublimation
An ego-defense mechanism that involves diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels that are socially acceptable.
Unconscious
That aspect of psychological functioning or of personality that houses experiences, wishes, impulses, and memories in an out-of-awareness state as a protection against anxiety.
Adlerian Therapy
Individual Psychology
Adlerian Therapy
Founder: Alfred Adler
Adlerian Brief Therapy
An intervention that is concise, deliberate, direct, efficient, focused, short-term, and purposeful.
According to Adler, childhood experiences
In themselves are not as crucial as our attitude toward these experiences
Basic Mistake
Faulty, self-defeating perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs that may have been appropriate at one time but are no longer useful. These are myths that are influential in shaping personality
Birth Order
Adler identified five psychological positions from w high children tend to view life: oldest, second of only two, middle, youngest, and only. Actual birth order itself is less important than a person's interpretation of his or her place in the family.
Community feeling
An individual's awareness of being part of the human community. Community feeling embodies the sense of being connected to all humanity and to being committed to making the world a better place.
The Adlerian point of view toward the role of insight in therapy is best stated in this way
To be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program.
Which of the following statements is NOT true as it is applied to Adlerian Therapy
The approach is grounded on the medical model.
The lifestyle assessment includes information based on
The family constellation, early recollections, dreams and mistaken, self-defeating perceptions
Adler linked the recognition of inferiority feelings with striving for perfection or mastery. This notion is best captured by which saying?
Inferiority and the quest for mastery are two sides of the same coin.
Which is the correct sequence of human experiencing from an Adlerian perspective?
First we think, then we feel, then we act.
Adlerian could best be described as using which techniques?
They fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client.
How would the Adlerian therapist view the personal problems of clients?
As the end result of a process of discouragement.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of the Adlerian therapeutic process?
Teaching the client the process of free association.
Which term does not fit Adlerian therapy?
Deterministic
Which of the following does Adler NOT stress?
Biological and instinctual drives
The phenomenological orientation pays attention to the
Way in which individuals perceive their world.
Anxiety
A condition that results from having to face choices without clear guidelines and without knowing what the outcome will be.
The concept of fictional finalist refers to a
An imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior
Adlerian consider which factor(s) to be influential in an individual's life?
Psychological position in the family, birth order, interactions among siblings, parent-child relationships
Adlerian value early recollections as an important clue to the understanding of
The individual's lifestyle.
Existential anxiety
An outcome of being confronted with the four givens of existence: death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness.
Self-Awareness
The capacity for consciousness that enables us to make choices.
Who is the person who developed logotherapy?
Victor Frank
Which is NOT a key concept of existential therapy?
It is based on a well-defined set of techniques and procedures.
According to the existential view, anxiety is a
Part of the human condition
One function of the existential therapist is to
Understand the client's subjective world
Resistance is seen as part of _______, of how a person understands his or her being and relationship to the world at large.
The self-and-world construct
Who was the main American spokesperson of European existential thinking as it is applied to psychotherapy?
Rollo May
What is the most crucial quality of a therapist in building an effective therapeutic relationship with a client
The therapist's authenticity.
Guilt and anxiety are viewed by existential therapist as
None of the above.
The existential approach is based on
The philosophical concern with what it means to be fully human.
Existential therapy is basically
An experiential and relational approach
Existential therapy places emphasis on
The quality of the client-therapist relationship
The central theme running through the works of Victor Frankl is
The will to meaning.
The existential therapist would probably agree that
Ultimately we are alone
The existential "givens of life" include all of the following except
Taxes
Which of the following is a limitation of the existential approach in working with culturally diverse client populations?
The focus on one's own responsibility rather than on changing social conditions.
In person-centered group counseling, the role of the counselor is best described as a
Facilitator
Person-centered therapy is a form of
Humanistic therapy
Congruence refers to the therapist's
Genuineness
In person-centered therapy, transference is
Not an essential or significant factor in the therapy process
Emotion-focused therapy
Is rooted in a person-centered philosophy., incorporates aspects of Gestalt therapy into the process., and incorporates aspects of existential therapy into the process.
Accurate empathic understanding refers to the therapist's ability to
Sense the inner world of the client's subjective experience.
Which technique(s) is (are) most often used in the person-centered approach?
Active listening and reflection
Which statement is most true of person-centered theory?
The techniques a therapist uses are less important than are his or her attitudes.
In what stage of change do individuals intend to take action immediately and report some small behavioral change
Preparation
One strength of the person-centered approach is that
Therapists have the latitude to develop their own counseling style
A limitation of the person-centered approach is a
Tendency for practitioners to give support without challlenging clients sufficiently
Rogers made a contribution to
Developing the humanistic movement in psychotherapy., pioneering research in the process and outcomes of therapy., Fostering world peace., and pioneering the encounter-group movement
As a result of experiencing person-centered therapy, it is hypothesized that the client will move toward
Self-trust., an internal source of evaluation., being more open to experience., a willingness to continue growing
Unconditional positive regard refers to
Accepting clients as worthy persons.
The main founder of Gestalt therapy is
Fritz Perls
Which is NOT true of Gestalt therapy?
The focus is on the "why" of behavior
Which of the following is NOT, a key concept of Gestalt therapy?
Intellectual understanding of one's problems.
According to the Gestalt view, awareness
Is by itself therapeutic.
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is to help clients
Move from environmental support to self-support
Gestalt therapy can best be characterized as
An experimental therapy
Gestalt therapy encourages clients to
Experience feelings intensely., stay in the here and now., work through the impasse, and pay attention to the ir own nonverbal message.
The focus of Gestalt therapy is on
Recognizing one's own projections and refusing to accept helplessness.
A contribution of the Gestal t approach is that it
Deals with the past in a lively manner.
The process of distraction, which makes it difficult to maintain sustained contact is,
Deflection
The process of turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to someone else is
Retroflection
The tendency to uncritically accept others beliefs without assimilating or internalizing them is
Introjection
The process of blurring awareness of the boundary between self and environment is
Confluence
A-B-C
B=Behavior
Classical Conditioning
A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that elicits a response
Cognitive behavior therapy CBT
Blends both cognitive and behavioral methods to bring about change
Behavior therapy is grounded on
The principles of learning
Mindfulness and acceptance based approaches
Have received empirical support as an effective form of therapy
In behavior therapy it is generally agreed that
The client should decide the treatment goals
According to most behavior therapists; a good working relationship between client and therapist is
A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for behavior change to occur
Applied behavior analysis makes use of
Operant conditioning techniques
Mindfulness practices rely on
Experiential learning and client discovery
Dialectical behavior therapy
Is a promising blend of behavior and psychoanalytic techniques
A limitation of traditional behavior therapy is its
De-emphasis on the role of feelings in therapy
Contemporary behavior therapy places emphasis on
The interplay between the individuals and the environment