Psychoanalytic therapy Philosophy
- Human beings are basically determined by psychic energy and by early experiences.
- Unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behavior. Irrational forces are strong; the person is driven by sexual and aggressive impulses.
- Early developm
Adlerian therapy Philosophy
- Humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, by inferiority and superiority, and by dealing with the tasks of life.
- Emphasis is on the individual's positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.
- People have the capacity
Existential therapy Philosophy
- The central focus is on the nature of the human condition, which includes a capacity for self-awareness, freedom of choice to decide one's fate, responsibility, anxiety, the search for meaning, being alone and being in relation with others, striving for
Person-centered therapy Philosophy
- The view of humans is positive; we have an inclination toward becoming fully functioning.
- In the context of the therapeutic relationship, the client experiences feelings that were previously denied to awareness.
- The client moves toward increased awa
Gestalt therapy Philosophy
- The person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Some key concepts include contact with self and others, contact boundaries, and awareness.
- The view is non deterministic in that the person is viewed as having the ca
Behavior therapy Philosophy
- Behavior is the product of learning. We are both the product and the producer of the environment.
- No set of unifying assumptions about behavior can incorporate all the existing procedures in the behavioral field.
- Traditional behavior therapy is base
Cognitive behavior therapy Philosophy
- Individuals tend to incorporate faulty thinking, which leads
to emotional and behavioral disturbances.
- Cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act.
- Therapy is primarily oriented toward cognition and behavior, and it stresses the rol
Reality therapy Philosophy
- Based on choice theory, this approach assumes that we need quality relationships to be happy.
- Psychological problems are the result of our resisting the control by others or of our attempt to control others.
- Choice theory is an explanation of human
Feminist therapy Philosophy
- Feminists criticize many traditional theories to the degree that they are based on gender-biased concepts, such as being andro centric, gender centric, ethnocentric, hetero sexist, and intrapsychic.
- The constructs of feminist therapy include being gen
Postmodern approaches Philosophy
- Based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths, postmodern therapies reject the idea that reality is external and can be grasped.
- People create meaning in their lives through conversations with others.
- The postmodern appr
Family systems therapy Philosophy
- The family is viewed from an interactive and systemic perspective.
- Clients are connected to a living system; a change in one part of the system will result in a change in other parts.
- The family provides the context for understanding how individuals
Psychoanalytic therapy Goals
To make the unconscious conscious.
To reconstruct the basic personality.
To assist clients in reliving earlier experiences
and working through repressed conflicts.
To achieve intellectual
and emotional awareness.
Adlerian therapy Goals
To challenge clients' basic premises and life goals.
To offer encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals and increase social interest.
To develop the client's sense of
belonging.
Existential therapy Goals
To help people see that they are free and to become aware of their
possibilities.
To challenge them to recognize that they are responsible
for events that they formerly thought were happening to them.
To identify factors that block freedom.
Person centered therapy Goals
To provide a safe climate conducive to clients' self exploration, so that they can recognize blocks to growth and can experience aspects of self that were formerly denied or distorted.
To enable them to move toward openness, greater trust in self, willing
Gestalt therapy Goals
To assist clients in gaining awareness of moment to moment
experiencing and to expand the capacity to make choices.
To foster integration of the self.
Behavior therapy Goals
To eliminate maladaptive behaviors and learn more effective
behaviors.
To identify factors that influence behavior and find out what can be done about problematic behavior.
To encourage clients to take an active and collaborative
role in clearly setting t
Cognitive behavior therapy Goals
To challenge clients to confront faulty beliefs with Contradictory evidence that they gather and evaluate.
To help clients seek out their faulty beliefs and minimize them.
To become aware of automatic thoughts and to change them.
Feminist therapy
To bring about transformation both in the individual client and
in society.
To assist clients in recognizing, claiming, and using their personal power to free themselves from the limitations of gender role socialization.
To confront all forms of instituti
Postmodern approaches Goals
To change the way clients view problems and what they can do
about these concerns.
To collaboratively establish specific, clear, concrete,
realistic, and observable goals leading to increased
positive change.
To help clients create a selfidentity grounded
Family systems therapy Goals
To help family members gain awareness of patterns of relationships that are not working well and to create new ways of interacting.
Reality therapy Goals
To help people become more effective in meeting all of their
psychological needs.
To enable clients to get reconnected with the people they have chosen to put into their quality worlds and teach clients
choice theory.