What is public health
#NAME?
Which era of public health emerged from HIV/AIDS pandemic and emphasized personal responsibility
Health promotion 1980-2000
Why study public health
#NAME?
Reasons for chiropractors to study public health
-promote, protect, and restore health is what chiropractors do every day
-most courses prepare us for one on one interactions, and we work directly with the individual
-All health care providers overlap with public health*
Current public health care challenges
#NAME?
2 components of public health
1- Health issues (mental, physical)
2- Populations (at risk)
The full spectrum of public health includes what 3 things?
#NAME?
What is the Big "I" Integration?
The relationship between public health and the medical care system
Examples of how public health effects lives
#NAME?
Antiquity-1830
1840-1870
1880-1940
1950-1980
1980-2000
2000s
#NAME?
Epidemiology
Epidemiology - basic science of public health
This includes the study of epidemics (disease outbreaks).
Epidemiology aims to control the spread of infectious diseases.
It seeks the causes of chronic disease and ways to limit harmful exposures.
the study of epidemics is the study of
disease outbreaks
Morbidity vs Mortality
Morbidity: disease within a population
Mortality: deaths due to a disease divided total population
Incidence
measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition. Incidence is the number of instances of a factor (disease, injury, health status, etc) during a given period (day, month, year, decade) in a specified population (age group, community, country, etc).
Biostatistics data includes
Quantitative - numbers, percents, raw data
Qualitative - data obtained from first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, participant-observation, recordings made in natural settings, documents, and artifacts. The data are generally nonnumerical.
A risk ratio (RR), also called relative risk, compares the risk of a health event (disease, injury, risk factor, or death) among one group with the risk among another group. It does so by dividing the risk (incidence proportion, attack rate) in group 1 by the risk (incidence proportion, attack rate) in group 2.
Prevalence
refers to the proportion of persons who have a condition at or during a particular time period. Prevalence is the total number (new and existing) of instances of a factor (disease, injury, health status, etc) at a specific period (day, month, year) in a specified population (age group, community, country, etc)
Case-fatality
The proportion of deaths from a certain disease compared to the total number of people diagnosed with the disease for a particular period. Deaths from disease X over All cases of disease X
Deaths/People with disease
Bio-Statistics
#NAME?
Biomedical science research: Ideas for sources of data include
#NAME?
__________ is now the leading factor in affecting people's health.
Behavior
-tobacco, diet, activity
How can you tell if a public health recommendation is worth while
#NAME?
IOM core public health functions
#NAME?
Assessment
obtaining data that define the health of the population overall and specific groups within
Policy development
developing evidence-based recommendations and other analyses of options to guide implementation
Assurance
oversight responsibility for ensuring key components of an effective health system
Johnsons County Department of Health and Environment
#NAME?
Community based participatory research
#NAME?
What is a measurable goal related to chiropractic care
#NAME?
Public health agencies partnering w/ health care
#NAME?
What was a huge switch in disease pattern from 1900 to 2000
-heart and cancer rates have slowly increased since the 1900s, while other infectious diseases have decreased
What disease has been completely eradicated?
Small pox
This person (blank) mapped this disease (blank) to show that the disease was spread through dirty water. London 1854
John Snow and Cholera
How has motor vehicle safety reduced mortality/ injury
Engineering efforts to make both: Vehicles safer, Highways safer
Success in changing personal behavior
-Use of safety belts
-Child safety seats
-Motorcycle helmets
-Decreased drinking and driving
In what ways are the rates of the top two killers changing over time?
-cancer has seen a steady incline over the past 100 years
-Heart disease is higher than it was in 1900, but is steadily decline from the 1960's
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Examines environmental health issues and makes recommendations
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Aims to reduce injuries and hazardous exposures in the workplace
Department of Homeland Security
Preparation and response to disasters and terrorism
Department of Agriculture & the FDA
Protects the nation's food supply
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Influences the built environment and its impacts on health
Department of Energy
Sets radiation safety standards for nuclear power plants and other sources of energy
Community-oriented primary care (COPC) model
#NAME?
The Six Sequential Steps of COPC
#NAME?
Americans spend at least ______ a year on lower back pain. It is the ________ leading cause of lost work time. And about _______ percent of Americans experience lower back pain.
-$50 billion
-Second leading
-80%
There are over ______ types of arthritis. It affects 1 in _____ adults.
-105
Most common cause of disability
#NAME?
Strengths/Challenges of Healthy People 2020
S=
-data driven
-science/evidence based
-measurable
C=
-implementation plan
-technical assistance
-funding
Passive surveillance
#NAME?
Limitation to passive surveillance, advantage?
#NAME?
Active surveillance
#NAME?
Sentinel Surveillance
#NAME?
Sentinel Surveillance isn't useful for
rare conditions
Syndromic Surveillance
#NAME?
Rumor Surveillance
Unofficial sources of information such as
-social media
-"hearsay"
-blogs
Characteristics of a good surveillance system
#NAME?
Evaluation
#NAME?