What four things specifically happen during the inflammation process?
Cells are sent to begin healing
Blood clotting
Muscle spasms
Fluids and dead cells are removed
Name the five signs of inflammation and tell what causes each.
Pain (increased pressure on nerve endings)
Swelling (accumulation of fluids)
Redness (increased blood supply)
Heat (increased blood supply)
Loss of Function (inability to utilize the injured anatomical structure)
What are the three steps in the healing process and describe each?
Inflammation (process of healing from an injury)
Tissue repair (restoration of the tissue and function)
Regeneration (renewal, restoration, and tissue growth)
When should ice be used?
For the first 48 to 72 hours.
What are the three effects of ice?
Reduced pain
Reduced tissue's metabolic need for oxygen
Reduced blood flow
What are the three effects of heat?
Increased blood flow
Reduced muscle stiffness
Muscular relaxation
Name the nine vital signs discussed in class and their normal values if appropriate.
Pulse (Adult 60-80bpm, Child 80-100bpm)
Respiration (Adult 12-20bpm, Child 20-25 bpm)
Temperature (Axillary 97.6, Oral 98.6, Rectal 99.6)
Skin Color
Pupils
State of Consciousness
Movement
Abnormal Nerve Stimulation
Blood Pressure (Adult 120/80 mmHg)
What does PEARL stand for?
Pupils equal and reactive to light
What does acute mean?
Quick onset, short duration
What does chronic mean?
Of longer duration, repeating
What device is used to measure a range of motion?
Goniometer
What are the five aspects that rehabilitation is trying to accomplish?
Pre-injury levels of strength
Power
Endurance
Flexibility
Confidence
Name the five phases of rehabilitation in order and tell the specific goal of each phase.
Post-surgical/acute injury (control inflammation and limit further damage)
Early exercise (regain full range of motion)
Intermediate exercise (endurance and light strengthening)
Advanced exercise (maximum strengthening and balance)
Sports re-entry (return
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What are the seven provisions of the OSHA standard 1910.1030?
Scope
Exposure control plan
Methods of compliance
Vaccinations and medical evaluations
Information and training
Record keeping
Dates
What are the seven protective measures used in handling blood-borne pathogens?
Protective Gloves
Absorb with paper towels
Saturate with bleach solution
Scrub the area with the bleach solution and then soap and water, using a paper towel
Rinse the area
Place soiled materials in a biohazard container
Wash hands
What does CDC stand for?
Centers for disease control and prevention
What structure makes up the integumentary system?
Skin
Name the five types of wounds and describe each.
Abrasions (scraping of the outer layer)
Avulsions (forcible separation or tearing of tissue)
Lacerations (irregular tear in soft tissue)
Puncture (small hole in tissue by an object)
Incision (straight cut with a sharp object)
Name four signs of infection.
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Heat
What is a myotome?
Motor Nerve
What is a dermatome?
Sensory Nerve
What is Tinea Pedis?
Athlete's Foot
What is Tinea Cruris?
Jock Itch
What is MRSA?
A type of staph bacteria that is resistant to antibiotic medications.