Which of the following results is sufficient to confirm a diagnosis of TB disease
Positive M. Tuberculosis DNA probe assay of sputum specimen culture
Cases of active, symptomatic TB disease results in
Healing and cellular immunity and the infection of 10 to 15 others each year
A hospitable environment for an infectious agent to thrive and multiply
Reservoir
Eye protection for the dental team members and patients is necessary to prevent physical injuries and infections of the eyes
Correct
Removal of a mask in the treatment room immediately following the use of aerosol-producing procedures permits direct exposure to airborne organisms
Correct
Handwashing is considered the most important single procedure for the prevention of cross-contamination.
Correct
Hands should be washed before gloving and after glove removal.
Correct
High level disinfectants inactivate spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses
Correct
Intermediate-level disinfectants inactivate all forms of microorganisms but do not destroy spores
Correct
Organic debris left on an instrument may prevent sterilization from occurring
Correct
In a dry heat sterilizer timing begins when instruments are placed in the sterilizer and it is turned on
Incorrect
According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne pathogens standard, disposable gloves that have been contaminated shall be replaced
As soon as practical
After an exposure to M. Tuberculosis, dental health care personnel known to have had negative results from previous immunological testing should undergo
Tuberculin skin test or blood assays for M. Tuberculosis as soon as possible and Tuberculon skin test or blood assays for M. Tuberculosis after 12 weeks
After applying the spray-wipe-spray technique to a dental unit, the tested surfaces should be
Left wetted with disinfectant
After use, no disposable gowns worn as personal protective equipment should be
Placed in red bags or other appropriately labeled containers
At the end of the day, dental office personnel should clean and disinfect
All clinical contact surfaces, the floor around the dental chair, dental unit surfaces, and all countertops
Before each use, digital radiography sensors must be
Cleaned and disinfected with an intermediate-level disinfectant and covered with a surface barrier cleared by the food and drug administration
Before loading them into a sterilizer, packages should be labeled with
Operators initials, sterilizer id and load numbers, date of sterilization or expiration and the package contents
Chemical indicators with color-changing markings applied to the outside of packages, such as autoclave tape, reliably indicate that
Packages have been processed through the sterilizer
Correct order of preparation for personal protective equipment (PPE) for the dental hygienist
Gown, mask, glasses, gloves
Criteria for the selection of an ideal disinfectant include all of the following except
Unique odor
Cross-contamination refers to the spread of microorganisms from one source to another include
Person to person, person to inanimate object, and inanimate object to person
Dental handpieces may be sterilized using which of the following methods
Steam
Disposal of medical waste must meet specific requirements because it is
Regulated by the occupational safety and health administration, environmental protection agency, and the department of transportation.
Examples of semicritical items in the dental health care setting include
Mouth mirror
Examples of single-use radiographic supplies include
Bitewing tabs and film stabilizing devices
Excluding a heat up time of 15 to 30 minutes, the typical sterilization cycle of static-air dry heat sterilizers is
1 to 2 hours at 320 F
Following a needlestick injury in a dental office, prompt medical evaluation of the healthcare provider is typically obtained by contacting
A preselected qualified healthcare professional
For a chemical to be classified as an intermediate-level disinfectant it must be able to
Kill myobacterium tuberculosis within 10 mins of exposure or less
Hepatitis is inflammation of what organ?
Liver
Herpes simplex 1 can occur in which of the following areas?
Lips, genitals, fingers, and eyes
How often must dental facilities update their exposure control plan (ECP)?
Every year and sometimes more often
Instrument cassettes may be preferable to self-sealing paper and plastic pouches for some applications because cassettes
Offer enhanced organization of instruments and reduce handling of contaminated instruments
Mucous membranes that have been splashed with potentially infectious blood or body fluid should be..
Flushed with water
OSHA was established with a mandate to
Ensure worker safety and create better working environments
Occupational safety and health administration requirements for regulated waste disposal are designed to ensure that there is minimal infection risk for
Staff
Of the following methods of sterilization, which one requires the longest time to complete?
Dry heat
Of the six essential links in the chain of disease transmission, hands may serve as which three?
a means of transmission, a reservoir, and a port of entry
Pathogens NOT spread by aerosols include
Hepatitis B
Postexposure prophylaxis for HIV should be started
As soon as possible
Precleaning before sterilization and disinfection is important because
Organic matter may prevent effective sterilization and disinfection and large numbers of microorganisms are mechanically removes by cleaning
Scrap dental amalgam is considered hazardous waste because it contains which substance?
Mercury
Single-use disposable dental items must never be used
On more than one patient
Spores of a given species are chosen as indicators in biological monitoring because they
Are the most resistant microorganisms
Standard precautions apply to contact with
Blood and body fluids that may be contaminated with blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes
The bloodborne pathogen standard was issued by which organization?
OSHA
The centers for disease control and prevention recommend that dental water lines be flushed
Between patients for 20 to 30 seconds and after a boil-water advisory
The U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has concluded that hepatitis B virus is
The most occupationally transmissible bloodborne pathogen
The herpes virus remains latent in the nerves after the initial infection and may reoccur when triggered by which of the following?
Stress and dental trauma
The recommended tetanus-diphtheria vaccine regimen for dental health care personnel includes
Two primary doses 4 to 8 weeks apart, a booster shot in 6 months to 1 year, and a booster shot every 10 years
The two main types of medical waste are
Regulated and nonregulated
Training for all employees with occupational exposure must contain all of the following elements except
Hands-on demonstrations of techniques to prevent exposures and transmissions
Although the CDCs role is advisory, compliance with its recommendations is mandatory in some states
True
External chemical indicators are unnecessary if chemical indicators are visible from the outside of unopened packs
True
Gauze that would release saliva when compressed or during handling constitutes regulated waste
True
I'm recent years, OSHA has abandoned the term "universal precaution" in favor of "standard precaution
False
Instrument packaging may take place either before or immediately after sterilization
False
Nonsharp regulated waste should be placed in trash containers as close as feasible to the point of use, preferably in each dental operatory
False
The clinical zone in the dental operatory should be further divided into a "patient zone" and a "clinician zone
True
Under standard precautions, which patients are treated as if they are potentially infectious?
All patients
Utility or heavy-duty gloves are used for which of the following procedures?
Clean-up and set-up of the dental operatory and processing of contaminated dental instruments
Visible drops of liquid or body fluid that settle out of the air quickly are called
Spatter
What is it called when all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious with blood-borne pathogens
standard precautions
What is the best way to break the chain of transmission of Hepatitis A?
Hand washing
What term describes the state of having been in contact with microorganisms?
Contaminated
When performing dental radiography procedures, the best way to minimize contamination of environmental surfaces is to
Touch as few surfaces as possible
When should standard precautions be practiced?
At all times for all patients
When should the face mask be changed?
For each patient, when it becomes wet, and at least every hour
Which link in the chain of infection is the site where the invading organisms live and multiply?
reservoir
Which mode of transmission involves an infectious agent being spread through breaks in the skin?
Parenteral
Which of the following are basic immunizations recommended for healthcare workers?
Hepatitis B vaccine; measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines; and influenza vaccine
Which of the following are laws that must be followed?
Regulations
Which of the following cannot be disposed of with general dental office trash?
Saturated gauze used in oral surgical procedures
Which of the following disposable patient-care items does not meet the occupational safety and health administrations definition of regulated waste?
Dental dams
Which of the following infectious agents is considered most readily transmissible?
Herpes simplex virus
Which of the following is a biological contaminant that occurs in solid or liquid form, is invisible, and may remain suspended in the air for long periods?
Aerosol
Which of the following is an autoclave?
It is sterilization achieved by steam under pressure
Which of the following is designed to educate workers about the risks of infectious diseases carried by objects and fluids potentially contaminated with blood?
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Which of the following is hermetic whitlow?
Herpes of the fingers
Which of the following is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
Signing of a document by all HBV-susceptible workers who decline vaccination
Which of the following is not true concerning a written exposure control plan?
once completed, it will not need to be revised
Which of the following is the best recommendation for preparation of disinfectants?
Follow manufacturers directions
Which of the following is the most common method of sterilization In the dental office?
Steam autoclave sterilization
Which of the following is the primary transmission route for tuberculosis (TB)
inhalation
Which of the following is the proper order for processing contaminated instruments?
Place cassette in ultrasonic cleaner, hand scrub as necessary, rinse and dry instruments, package for sterilizing
Which of the following lack approval from the Food and Drug Administration for use in US dental offices?
Hospital-level disinfectants and Bead sterilizers
Which of the following lists critical information about a specific products toxicity and is provided by the manufacturer?
Material safety data sheet
Which of the following parts of the dental unit should be cleaned and disinfected after every patient?
Uncovered clinical contact surfaces
Which of the following represents the correct order of the chain of infection?
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Which of the following should not be identified with red color-coding or biohazard symbols?
All bags containing medical waste
Which of the following should you do when cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in the operatory?
Spray and leave the surfaces wet when finished
Which process involves removing all microbes from surfaces?
Sterilization
Which standard precaution or precautions may be used to inactivate an infectious agent and break the chain of disease transmission?
Handwashing and disinfection
Which two infections are caused by the varicella-zoster virus?
chickenpox and shingles
Which type of hepatitis is present only when the person has hepatitis B also?
Hepatitis D
Who should wear protective eyewear?
All dental personnel and the patient should wear protective eyewear
Work practice controls for reducing the risk of blood exposures include
Using a needle recapping device
In contrast to semicritical instruments, which are occasionally sterilized unwrapped, critical instruments should be
Used immediately if sterilized unwrapped
Appropriate hygiene procedures for visibly soiled hands include
Washing with antimicrobial soap and water
Practices recommended by the centers for disease control and prevention to reduce the exposure of dental health care personnel to laser plumes and surgical smoke include
No recommendation is offered.
What is the recommendation of the centers for disease control and prevention regarding the practice of double gloving during oral surgical procedures?
There is no recommendation offered
What is the recommendation of the centers for disease control and prevention regarding the use of preprocedural antimicrobial mouth rinses?
There is no recommendation offered.
Which of the following is not an indication for hand hygiene?
When skin is visibly dry or irritated
Which of the following is true regarding administration of parent wrap medications?
The access diaphragm of multidose vials should be cleansed with alcohol before each use