Chapter 15: Infection control

3 ways disease can be transmitted by cross contamination of..

-equipment -supplies -sensors

OSHA stands for what?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA mandates what?

-gloves must be worn
-PPE required

What is the primary purpose of infection control?

To prevent the transmission of infectious diseases

Microorganisms capable of causing diseases?

pathogens

-Cold & flu Virus
-Cytomegaiovirus
-Hep B&C
-Herpes
-HIV
-TB

Microorganisms of concern in the dental enviroment

2 ways the transmission of disease may occur in dentistry DIRECTLY

Contact with saliva, blood, secretion
Contact with airborne aerosols & respiratory fluids

Transmission of disease may occur in dentistry indirectly how?

Contact with instrument or object that is contaminated

For an infection to occur what must happen?

-susceptible host present
-pathogen able to cause disease
-portal of entry

inhibits the growth of bacteria

antiseptic

Handwashing or wound cleaning is an example of what?

Antiseptic

Procedure that prevents infection & absence of pathogens

Asespsis'

Present in blood and causes infection

Bloodborne pathogen

Use of chemical or physical procedures to destroy pathogens (excluding spores and resistant bacteria)

disinfect

Dental patient has contact with contamination

Exposure incident

Waste that contains blood, blood products, sharps

Infectious waste

Exposure from performing a dental procedure

Occupational exposure

Contamination as a result from puncturing the skin

Parental exposure

Chemical or physical procedure to kill ALL pathogens including spores

Sterilize

all human blood and certain human bodily fluids are treated as though they are know to be infectous

universal precautions

3 ways instruments are classified

critical, semi-critical and non-critical

Instruments that penetrate the bone or tissue
MUST be sterilized

Critical instruments

Contact with but do not penetrate bone and tissue
MUST be sterilized
ex. mirrors

semi-critical instruments

Instruments that have no contact with mucous membrane
Low level of disinfectant needed
ex. exposure button, lead apron

non-critical instruments

Scalpels, forceps, bone chisels, scalers and surgical burs are all examples of what type of instruments?

Critical Instruments

The act of disinfecting

disinfection

type of exposure with blood or other infectious materials from piercing or puncturing the skin's barrier

Parenteral exposure

Absence of pathogens or disease-causing microorganisms

Asepsis

The act of sterilizing

sterilization

To inhibit or destroy disease-causing microbes through use of a chemical or physical procedure

Disinfect

level of disinfectant classified as both "hospital disinfectants" and "tuberculocidals" recommended for all contaminated surfaces

intermediate level

Standard of care designed to protect healthcare personnel & patients from pathogens, blood, or any other bodily fluid

Standard precautions

use of physical or chemical procedure to destroy all pathogens; including highly resistant bacterial and fungal spores

sterilize

level of disinfectant classified "hospital disinfectant";recommended for general housekeeping

Low level

Level of disinfectant classified as "sterilant-disinfectants" used to disinfect heat-sensitive, semi-critical instruments

high level

5 indications for hand hygiene

-before touching a patient
-before cleaning
-after bodily exposure risk
-after touching a patient
-after touching patient surroundings

3 types of hand hygiene that may be used in dental imaging

-routined hand wash
-antiseptic hand wash
-Antiseptic

Water & anti-microbial soap (40-60 secs)

Routine hand wash

Water & anti-microbial soap (15 secs)

Antiseptic hand wash

Alcohol based; rub until hands are dry

Antiseptic hand rub