Bacteriology
science that deals with the study of microorganisms called bacteria
Bacteria
minute one-celled microorganisms found nearly everywhere
Nonpathogenic bacteria
helpful or harmless bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria
harmful or disease producing bacteria
Cocci
round-shaped bacteria
Bacilli
Short, rod shaped bacteria
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria
Staphylococci
pus-forming and grow in bunches or clusters
Streptococci
pus-forming and grow in chains
Diplococci
grow in pairs
Active life cycle
bacteria are growing
Inactive stage
forms bacterial spores
Bacterial infection
infection occurs when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing bacteria
Local infection
infection that is confined to a single area
General infection
when pathogenic bacteria and their toxins are carried to all parts of the body
Communicable
diseases which are spread from one person to another by direct or indirect contact
Viruses
submicroscopic structures capable of infecting almost all plants, animals, and bacteria
Hepatitis
disease marked by inflammation of the liver
Asymptomatic
showing no signs or symptoms of a disease
How long can someone be infected with HIV before showing signs or symptoms?
11 years
Bloodborne pathogens
disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in blood or body fluids
Parasites
organisms that require a host for survival
Immunity
the ability to fight off or resist infection
Natural immunity
an inborn ability to resist certain diseases
Acquired immunity
developed after the body has overcome a disease or through inoculation
Decontamination
the act of removing pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces
Sterilization
highest level of decontamination; destroys every organism on a surface
Two types of sterilization
Steam Autoclave
Dry Heat
Disinfection
controls microorganisms on non-porous surfaces; does not kill spores
Sanitation
general cleaning
EPA
environmental protection agency; approves disinfectants
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration; enforces safety and health in the workplace
Hospital level disinfectant
must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal
Quats
quaternary ammonium compounds; nontoxic, odorless, disinfect within 10-15 minutes
Phenols
caustic poison; may soften and discolor rubber or plastic
Alcohol
not used in salons; must be at least 70% to be effective
Sodium hypochlorite
household bleach; used as a laundering additive in the salon
Proper procedure for mixing disinfectant
add disinfectant to water
How long should implements be immersed in disinfectant?
10-15 minutes
Proper procedure for blood spill disinfection
double bag and tag with biohazard sticker
Mold
fungus growth that usually grows in dark damp places
What type of soap is preferred for hand washing?
liquid; bar soap harbors bacteria
Antiseptics
can kill or prevent the growth of bacteria; safe for use on the skin
Standard precautions
set of guidelines that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious
How often should implements be disinfected?
between every client service