health science final

Surgeon General/U.S. Public Health Service

-U.S. chief health educator, provides information on how to improve the health of the U.S. population
-Appointed by the President
-With Office of the Surgeon General oversees operations of U.S. Public Health Service Corps (USPHS) - 6,500 public health pro

US Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)

HHS is responsible for almost a quarter of all federal outlays and administers more grant dollars than all other federal agencies combined"
11 divisions
Cabinet post: Secretary of HHS
goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential

Administration for Community Living (ACL)

created in 2012, includes the Administration on Aging, the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and the Center for Disability and Aging Policy in a single agency with the goal of increasing access to community supports and full pa

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

AHRQ focuses research on: healthcare costs and utilization, information technology, disaster preparedness, medication safety, healthcare consumerism, prevention of illness, and special needs populations.
-There is a Coalition for Health Services Research

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

-the world's leading medical research center and the focal point for medical research in the United States
-Primary federal agency for research to prevent & treat disease
-27 institutes & centers each with a specific research agenda, often focusing on par

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

-Primary federal agency for improving access to healthcare services for people in every state who are uninsured, isolated, or medically vulnerable
-Tens of millions of Americans get affordable health care & other help through HRSA's 100-plus programs & ov

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

-Ensures safety of: food, human & veterinary products, biologic products, medical devices, cosmetics, electronic products
-Ensures that consumer product information is accurate
-Advances public health by speeding up innovations to make medicine & food mor

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

-was established when Medicare & Medicaid programs were signed into law in 1965
Over 20 offices that oversee different aspects of programs
-Provide policy, funding, oversight of healthcare programs for elderly & poor
-Billing & coverage information for pr

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

-Part of Department of Labor
-Established to govern workplace environments to ensure that employees have a safe, healthy environment

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

-Established in 2002 as a result of 9-11-2001 terrorist on US attack
-Combined 22 different federal departments t
-FEMA, which is responsible for managing catastrophic events, was integrated into DHS in 2003
-Together, coordinate efforts at all government

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

-Established in 1946 and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, the CDC's mission is to protect health and promote quality of life through the prevention and control of disease, injury, and disability.
-Main goal is public health

What is public health?

-Assessment & monitoring community health & high risk populations
-Policy development to address local and national health issues
-Assurance that all people have access to appropriate, cost-effective care
-broad community efforts to promote health activit

What does the local health department do?

1.Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
3. Mobilize community partnerships and action t

government contributions to public health- state

-Coordinate with federal & local programs
-Licensure of healthcare professionals
-Statistical analysis
-Epidemiological studies
-Management of disease outbreaks
-Implementation of health policy
-Community health education

government contributions to public health-federal

-Data collection/analysis, surveillance & control
Research
-Assisting state & local programs
-Developing health policy
-Food and drug safety
-Access to healthcare for poor, elderly
-Direct services to special populations

Managed Care

a system of health care in which patients agree to visit only certain doctors and hospitals, and in which the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing company.
seeks to achieve efficiency by integrating the basic functions of healthcare delivery, and

Enrollee

refers to the individual covered by a managed care plan

Health Plan

the contractual agreement between managed care organization (MCO) and enrollee, including descriptions of various health services to which enrollees are entitled

Mental Health

Mental health is is an integral and essential component of health, so that an individual can work productively under normal stressors
Mental disorders are conditions that alter thinking processes, moods, or behavior, and result in dysfunction or stress

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008

require insurance plans to offer mental health benefits and cost sharing similar to those of traditional medical benefits

Psychiatrists

specialty physicians who can prescribe medication and admit patients to hospitals

Psychologists

participate in treatment of mental health, but cannot prescribe drugs, and can provide different types of therapy

Voluntary commitment vs involuntary commitment

Voluntary commitment is when people commit themselves willingly to receive care, and can leave upon will
Involuntary commitment is when people are forced to receive treatment or are committed to a facility against wishes

Health Care Reform

Major changes undertaken by the government to expand health insurance to the uninsured and regulate the financing and delivery of health care
results in new regulations, expansions of regulatory bureaucracy, and control over many aspects of health care de

Medicare

a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65 and older or have a severe disability, no matter your income

Medicaid

a state and federal program that provides health coverage if you have a very low income

Affordable Care Act

An expansion of medicaid, most of employers must provide health insurance, have insurance or face surtax, prevents rejection based on pre-existing condition. Also referred to as "Obamacare", signed into law in 2010.

Goals of ACA

Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law provides consumers with subsidies ("premium tax credits") that lower costs for households with incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level.
Expand the Medicaid program to co

Inter-professional communication 3 objectives

Describe the elements of the communication process
Describe factors that influence communication
List 3 types of non-verbal communication

Describe the elements of the communication process

-Referent: Stimulus that initiates communication
Sender: Encodes & delivers message
-Receiver:Person who receives & decodes message
-Message: Content, meaning of communication
-Channels: Methods of conveying & receiving message
-Feedback: Message returned

List 3 types of non-verbal communication

-Personal appearance
-Posture & gait: Stance
-Facial expression
-Eye contact: Cultural aspects
-Gestures
-Sounds

Describe factors that influence communication

-Psychophysiological: Internal
-Relational: Nature of relationship between participants
-Situational: Reason, purpose
-Environmental: Setting, physical environment
-Cultural: Sociocultural elements

Influence of values and perceptions:

Values: the standards that influence behavior
Perceptions: the personal views of an event
-each person has unique personality traits, values, and life experiences
-each person will perceive and interpret messages differently
-

influences on communication

-developmental stage
-gender
-sociocultural characteristics
-values and perceptions
-personal space
-territoriality

communication barriers

-language deficits
-sensory deficits
-cognitive impairments
-structural deficits

What is triple aim?

Describes approach optimizing healthcare system performance; best care for whole population at lowest cost
An initiative that focuses on...
1. Improving the patient experience of care (including quality and satisfaction)
2. Improving the health of populat

Quality of Outcome in healthcare

Structure - capacity to deliver quality
Process - how health care is delivered
Outcome - effects or results obtained
Outcomes measured by:
-death
-adverse events
-readmission to hospital
-resource use (length of stay in hospital)
-patient satisfaction wit

evidence-based practice

Use of best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions
sources of evidence include research, standards of practice, clinical guidelines, performance/quality improvement data, clinical observations, etc

Group Dynamics

Go through questions from project

Epidemiology

the study of disease distribution and patterns among populations, and determining relationships to patterns of disease to causes of disease
Foundation for public health: focus on preventing disease from reoccurring
Epidemiological triangle consists of hos