Habituation
Decreased response to unchanging or repeated stimuli
Reflexes
Involuntary reactions
Object Permeance
learning that things still exist even if you don't directly perceive them
Egocentrism
Failure to understand that people don't know what you know
Theory of Mind
ability to take another person's perspective
Temperament
individual's behavioral and emotional response style
Attachment
emotional bond between a child and its caregivers
Conservation
understanding that a given quantity stays the same even if appearance changes
Reliable
stable, consistent, and repeatable over time
Valid
measures what it predicts to measure
Predictive Validity
Predicts what it claims to predict
Content Validity
Measures all aspects of a particular phenomenon
Stereotype Threat
anxiety that performance on a test will confirm a negative stereotype to the group they belong to
Basal Metabolic Weight
amount of energy our body burns at rest
James-Lange Theory
Physiological arousal happens before emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
physiological changes and emotion happen at the same time
Two-Factor Theory
Most valid- physiological arousal causes a cognitive interpretation of the arousal which causes an emotion
Adaptation Level Phenomenon
Judging new events in relation to what we have previously experienced
Mirror and Rouge Test
self-awareness and being distinct from others
Relative Deprivation
being deprived of something to which you feel entitled to
Inis Beag
hated nudity
Mangaia
sex is a recreational activity
Sambia of New Guinea
boys participate in homosexual activities
Fa'afafine of Samoa
biological males take on female gender roles
Transferred Excitation
The physiological arousal from one event spills over into the next event
What are the stages of Piaget's Development Theory?
Sensirometer, Preoperational, Formal Operational, Concrete Operational
What are the types of parenting style?
Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, Neglectful
What are the temperament classifications for babies?
Easy babies, Difficult babies, Slow to warm up babies
What are the types of attachment styles?
Secure, Insecure, Insecure Ambivalent
Intrinsic Motivation
enjoyment "creativity
Extrinsic Motivation
reward, approval
How does the brain continue to mature in adolescence?
Pruning occurs where unused neurons and synapses are removed. Frontal lobes are still maturing
What are the theories of motivation?
Instinct, Drive Reduction, Arousal, and Incentive
What is the curse of knowledge?
Better informed people find it difficult to think about problems for less informed people
Facial Feedback Phenomenon
changes in facial expressions produce changes in emotion
Behavioral Feedback Phenomenon
changes in behavior produce changes in emotion