Chapter 14

Clinical psychologists

academic or hospital setting

Psychiatrists

hospitals or private practice

Counseling psychologists

schools/colleges (counselors, academic setting) private practice

Psychiatric social workers

psychiatric hospitals, house calls

Psychiatric nurses

hospitals or residential treatment programs

Paraprofessionals

outreach programs, residential treatment programs

Psychodynamic therapy

Focus on insight (create an awareness of unconscious psychological process and how they affect daily function), Free association, Analysis of dreams (manifest content, latent content), Analysis of resistance (an unwillingness or inability to talk about ce

Client-centered therapy

Encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding.

Behavioral Therapy

Behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning.

Exposure

Repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus or situation

Systematic desensitization

Gradual form of exposure

Flooding

Full immersion exposure

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive restructuring (shift beliefs and interpretations). Relaxation techniques (stress inoculation training).

Group Therapy

Many groups are organized around a particular type of problem or around a particular type of client. Therapy may be highly structured, or a more loosely forum for discussion.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

a procedure that involves administrating a strong electrical current to the patients brain to produce a seizure.

Personality Disorder Treatment

Patients see the environment rather than their own behavior as the cause of their problems, which makes them very difficult to engage in therapy.

Culture and the Therapeutic Process

Culture has multiple influences on the way psychological disorders are express, which people with psychological disorders are likely to recover, and people's willingness to seek help. Culture plays a critical role in determining the availability, use, and

OCD Treatment

Clomipramine, Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also effective for OCD. The two most important components of behavioral therapy for OCD are exposure and response prevention. CBT to SSRI improves treatment outcomes; many practitioners recommend the combinati

Specific Phobia Treatment

Behavioral techniques are the treatment of choice: systematic desensitization, virtual environments, some cognitive strategies, cognitive-behavioral therapy. Pharmacological treatments: tranquilizers

Anxiety Disorder Treatment

Cognitive-behavioral therapy works best to treat most adult anxiety disorders. Anxiety-reducing drugs are also beneficial in some cases

Major Depression Treatment

SSRI's are prescribed most frequently.

Bipolar Disorder Treatment

Lithium

Schizophrenia Treatment

Medication effectively reduces delusions and hallucinations but does not substantially improve patients' social functioning. Social skills training is an effective way to address some deficits in patients. When self-care skills are deficient, behavioral i