Phenothiazines
drugs used to treat schizophrenia; they help diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia but also have adverse side effects
Traditional Antipsychotics
historically, the first medications used to manage psychotic symptoms
Tardive Dyskinesia
repetitive, involuntary movements of the jaw, tongue, face, and mouth and body tremors resulting from the extended use of traditional antipsychotic drugs
Atypical Antipsychotics
new antipsychotic drugs, which do not create tardive dyskinesia
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO)
a class of drugs used to treat depression; they slow the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain
Tricyclic Antidepressants
drugs used for treating depression as well as chronic pain and ADHD
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
drugs prescribed primarily for depression and some anxiety disorders; they work by making more serotonin available in the synapse
Benzodiazepines
a class of anxiety-reducing drugs that can be addictive but are less dangerous than barbiturates
Barbiturates
a class of anxiety-reducing drugs that can be addictive and carry a risk of overdose
Lithium
a salt that is prescribed for its ability to stabilize the mania associated with bipolar disorder
Prefrontal Lobotomy
a form of psychosurgery in which the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain and severed; it is no longer in use
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
the treatment of last resort for severe depression that involves passing an electrical current through a person's brain in order to induce a seizure
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
a treatment for severe depression involving exposure of specific brain structures to bursts of high-inensity magnetic fields instead of electricity
The antidepressant medications known as the SSRI's work by
decreasing serotonin levels by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
Aunt Julia has been in treatment for years for schizophrenia. She often has jerky spastic movements, which she tells you are from her medication, not the disorder itself. What side effect is she experiencing?
tardive dyskinesia
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still in limited use for people with which disorder?
major depressive disorder
Helen Mayberg was surprised to find that brain images are Area 25 showed ______ in people with severe depression one helped devise a way to treat them with deep brain stimulation.
overactivity
Both traditional and atypical antipsychotic drugs work the best on ______ symptoms of schizophrenia, but they are generally less effective on the _________ symptoms.
positive; negative
Psychotherapy
the use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns, or both, and to help patients develop insight into their own behavior
Psychoanalytic Therapy
therapy aimed at uncovering the unconscious motives that underline psychological problems
Free Association
a psychotherapeutic technique in which the client takes one mage or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind, regardless of how threatening, disgusting, or troubling it may be.
Transference
the process in psychotherapy in which the client reacts to a person in a present relationship as through that person were someone from the client's past
Catharsis
the process of releasing intense, often unconscious, emotions in a therapeutic setting
Client-centered Therapy
a form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the client
Behavior Therapies
therapies that apply the principles of classical and operant conditioning in the treatment of psychological disorders
Token Economies
a behavioral technique in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with a token, such as a small chip or fake token, which to be exchanged for privileges
Systematic Desensitization
a behavior therapy technique, often used for phobias, which the therapist pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to phobic object, generating a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object
Flooding
a form of in vivo exposure in which the client experiences extreme exposure to the phobic object
Cognitive Therapy
any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns
Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT)
an approach to treating psychological disorders that combine techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape desirable behaviors
Group Therapy
a therapeutic setting in which several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another
Support Groups
meetings of people share a common situation, be it a disorder, a disease, or an ill family member.
Jose's therapist asks to hear about Jose's week. Jose tells him about some difficulty he is having with his wife and how he feel worried in his marriage. The therapist expresses his sympathy and understanding. He tells Jose he knows what it's like to feel
humanistic/positive
Which of the following methods is widely used for the effective treatment of simple phobias?
systematic desensitization
Often therapists integrate cognitive techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with behavioral techniques to shape desirable behaviors in what is known as cognitive
behavioral therapy
What is the safest and best form of treatment for depression?
prevention
Dialectical Behavior
treatment that integrates elements of CBT with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation; it is used to treat borderline personality disorder
Dr, Chisholm believes that different disorders require different techniques and strategies for treatment. She is most likely a practitioner of
integrative therapy
Combining drugs with psychotherapy works well for which of the following
mood and anxiety disorders
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a combined treatment program developed for the treatment of
borderline personality disorder
Optogenetics has shown promise in the treatment of which the following disorders?
OCD
How does Botox work to improve mood?
by paralyzing the facial muscles involved in negative emotions