intelligence
the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges
g or g-factor
the single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence
fluid intelligence
intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory.
crystallized intelligence
the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem-solving situations
theory of multiple intelligences
gardner's intelligence theory that proposes that there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence
8 types of intelligence
1. musical
2. bodily kinesthetic
3. logical-mathematical
4. linguistic
5. spatial
6. interpersonal: knowing others
7. intrapersonal: knowing oneself
8. naturalist
practical intelligence
according to Sternberg, intelligence is related to overall success in living.
emotional intelligence
the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
intelligence tests
tests devised to quantify a person's level of intelligence
mental age
the age for which a given performance is average or typical
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a score that takes into account an individual's mental and chronological ages
reliability
the property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure
validity
the property by which tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure
norms
standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of other individuals who have taken the same test
mental retardation (or intellectual disability)
a condition characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
fetal alcohol syndrom
the most common cause of mental retardation in newborns, occurring when the mother uses alcohol during pregnancy
familial retardation
mental retardation in which no apparent biological defect exits but there is a history of retardation of the family
culture-fair IQ test
a test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group
heritability
a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors.