Psych: 26, 27, 28

intelligence

the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges

g or g-factor

the single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence

fluid intelligence

intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory.

crystallized intelligence

the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem-solving situations

theory of multiple intelligences

gardner's intelligence theory that proposes that there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence

8 types of intelligence

1. musical
2. bodily kinesthetic
3. logical-mathematical
4. linguistic
5. spatial
6. interpersonal: knowing others
7. intrapersonal: knowing oneself
8. naturalist

practical intelligence

according to Sternberg, intelligence is related to overall success in living.

emotional intelligence

the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions

intelligence tests

tests devised to quantify a person's level of intelligence

mental age

the age for which a given performance is average or typical

intelligence quotient (IQ)

a score that takes into account an individual's mental and chronological ages

reliability

the property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure

validity

the property by which tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure

norms

standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of other individuals who have taken the same test

mental retardation (or intellectual disability)

a condition characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills

fetal alcohol syndrom

the most common cause of mental retardation in newborns, occurring when the mother uses alcohol during pregnancy

familial retardation

mental retardation in which no apparent biological defect exits but there is a history of retardation of the family

culture-fair IQ test

a test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group

heritability

a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors.