Culture
The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.
Material Culture
In archaeology, material culture refers to the totality of physical remains of a past society,
nonmaterial culture
All the aspects of a culture that do not have a physical existence.
Values
The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance or preciousness of something
Folkways
The traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group.
Norm
Something that is usual, typical, or standard.
Mores
The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community
Cultural Universe
is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures worldwide
Cultural Relativism
Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture
Ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
Counterculture
a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture
Internalization
learning (of values or attitudes etc.) that is incorporated within yourself
Formal Sanctions
Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law
Positive Sanction
a reward or positive reaction for approved behaviour, for conformity
Negative Sanction
an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm
Informal Sanction
A "reward" or "punishment" that is widely understood in a society but is not precisely defined, usually not written down,
Diffusion
he spreading of something more widely
Social Movement
movement: a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals
Self Fulfillment
the fulfillment of your capacities
Cultural Lag
The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations
Reformation
The action or process of reforming an institution or practice
Ideology
A system of ideas and ideals, esp. one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
Narcissism
Excessive or erotic interest in oneself and one's physical appearance
Social Structure
the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
Status
The relative social, professional, or other standing of someone or something
Ascribed Status
is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life
Achieved Status
Achieved status is a sociological term denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit
Master Status
is a sociological term used to denote the social position, which is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual
Role
The function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a particular situation
Pastoral Society
whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals; there is often a need to migrate between different areas
Industrial Society
refers to a society driven by the use of technology to enable mass production
Postindustrial Society
a society that has moved past the stage of heavy industry to an economy that is mainly centered on knowledge-based and service professions.
Primary Group
A group held together by intimate, face-to-face relationships, formed by family and environmental associations and regarded as basic to social life and culture
Secondary Group
These groups are marked by members' concern for one another, and shared activities and culture
Reference Group
A social group that a person takes as a standard in forming attitudes and behavior
Socialization
he adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; "the socialization of children to the norms of their culture
Looking Glass Self
s a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902 (McIntyre 2006), stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others
Tabula Rasa
The human mind, esp. at birth, viewed as having no innate ideas
Role Taking
he process by which we take mentally place ourselves in other people's place and see the world and ourselves from their perspective and which is essential to developing a sense of self.
Self Concept
is a multi-dimensional construct that refers to an individual's perception of "self" in relation to any number of characteristics
Peer Group
A group of people of approximately the same age, status, and interests