test 2

what evidence to sociologists emphasize in their response to biologists that genetics cannot be the principal actor in determining human behavior?
a. behavior among men and women would be more universal around the world
b. the theory of evolution is neith

a. behavior among men and women would be more universal around the world

what example was used by Alice Rossi to explain gender differences in her model or predisposition overlaid with culture?
a. men are more capable of working outdoors in some cultures by not others
b. women are better prepared biologically for mothering tha

b. women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men

what is the unequal access to power, property and prestige based on one's sex?
a. sex typing
b. sexual harassment
c. gender stratification
d. matriarchy

c. gender stratification

why are age and sex considered master statuses?
a. they cut across all aspects of social life
b. they are ascribed statuses
c. they are achieved statuses
d. everyone has a sex and an age

a. they cut across all aspects of social life

how did Fredrick Engels explain patriarchy
a. patriarchy came with the development of private property
b. patriarchy was a part of the Enlightenment and the rise of positivism
c. patriarchy was connected to the invention of the steam engine in 1765
d. pat

a. patriarchy came with the development of private property

female circumcision is a custom in some societies. how to feminists view this practice?
a. they consider it a cultural ritual design to intensify female desire
b. they consider it a form of ritual torture to control female sexuality
c. they feel it is fun

b. they consider it a form of ritual torture to control female sexuality

what would a comparative analysis of the Tiwi and the Abkhasians illustrate regarding the meaning of aging that people attach to age?
a. age has a similar meaning in most societies
b. age is dependent on one's physical appearance
c. age is socially constr

c. age is socially constructed

as the baby boom generation reaches retirement age, how will it affect the U.S. job market?
a. many jobs will open up at roughly the same time
b. fewer jobs will be open during this period
c. the labor market will not be affected either way
d. the gross n

a. many jobs will open up at roughly the same time

what term describes the tendency for TV stations to retain older male newscasters but replace again female newscasters in favor of young, more attractive women?
a. reinforcement of gender socialization
b. reinforcement of gender transcendence
c. reinforce

d. reinforcement of gender age stereotypes

what is an organization that solicits contributions from many donors and then uses the money to influence legislation?
a. special interest group
b. lobbyist consortium
c. political action committee
d. financial legislative incentive

c. political action committee

what were the three conditions identified by Nicholas Timasheff as essential to war?
a. an antagonistic situation, a cultural tradition of was and a fuel to heat the antagonism
b. a vast surplus of men, a surplus of was material and a totalitarian regime

a. an antagonistic situation, a cultural tradition of was and a fuel to heat the antagonism

in which society did trading center first develop that turned into cities?
a. horticultural society
b. pastoral society
c. agricultural society
d. industrial society

c. agricultural society

who was the sociologist who coined the phrase "conspicuous consumption" to describe the elaborate consumption of material goods?
a. Talcott Parsons
b. Herbert Spencer
c. Thorstein Veblen
d. Michael Burawoy

c. Thorstein Veblen

how would sociologists describe an economy that generates very little surplus food and material property?
a. it is a welfare state
b. it is an agricultural society
c. it is a subsistence economy
d. it is a depression state

c. it is a subsistence economy

what is the primary criticism made against socialism?
a. the system does not respect individual rights
b. workers are not motivated to improve themselves
c. the system never addressed the true needs of the people
d. production never meets expectations

a. the system does not respect individual rights

what is the economic system where both the state and individual produce and distribute goods and services?
a. laissez-faire socialism
b. restrained capitalism
c. democratic socialism
d. socialistic capitalism

c. democratic socialism

according to the text, what is the most significant economic change in the past 100 years?
a. international trade
b. expansion of goods and services
c. globalization of capitalism
d. convergence of capitalism and socialism

c. globalization of capitalism

the leaders of the globe's multinational companies have overlapped to such a degree that they have formed what is known as the..
a. corporate super-class
b. global super-class
c. a interlocking corporation
d. an international corporate system

b. global super-class

what type of authority is based on written rules that are reasonable and agreed to by the people?
a. traditional authority
b. ration-legal authority
c. charismatic authority
d. totalitarian authority

b. ration-legal authority

what is another term for illegitimate power
a. authority
b. coercion
c. communism
d. socialism

b. coercion

which of the following is the best example of exogamy?
a. the father is considered the head of the family
b. interracial marriage was prohibited by law in many states prior to the passage of the civil rights legislation
c.the incest taboo prohibits close

c.the incest taboo prohibits close relatives from marrying one another

Regina lives in a society in which children are related to their father's relatives but not their mother's relatives. what type of descent system does this illustrate?
a. bilateral
b. unilateral
c. patrilineal
d. matrilineal

c. patrilineal

of the following, which set of variables is most significant in the process of socially channeling marriage?
a. age, occupation, neighborhood, religion
b. education, social class, race-ethnicity, age
c. social class, age, education, occupation neighborhoo

b. education, social class, race-ethnicity, age

which of the following variables has the greatest influence on homogamy?
a. earned income
b. personal attractiveness
c. level of education
d. propinquity

d. propinquity

what did sociology Bob Suzuki identify as the basis for the distinct framework of Asian American family life incorporating humanism, collectivity, self discipline and respect for elders ?
a. a commitment of Buddhism
b. Confucian values
c. a tradition of H

b. Confucian values

T/F sociologically, women qualify as a minority group because at every age, men outnumber women.

false

T/F a study of Vietnam veterans demonstrated that social factors may be important as the level of testosterone in determining mans tendency toward aggression

true

T/F the "glass ceiling" refers to limited opportunities for less educated women, while "glass escalator" refers to the unlimited opportunities for women with professional and graduate degrees.

false

T/F based on disengagement theory, retirement is a matter of conflict in which the older, more powerful members of society try to retain their positions of power and prestige against the efforts of the young to replace them.

false

T/F none of the functionalist theories of aging enjoy unanimous support of the scientific community as an explanation of how people respond to the aging process.

true

T/F because the victims know their assailant, date rapes are the most reported sexual offenses and have the highest conviction rate

false

T/F in the third wave of the feminist movement, women finally earned the right to vote.

false

T/F life expectancy has significantly increased since industrial societies were developed due to advancement in technology and medicine

true

T/F traditional authority increases with the level of industrialization in society

false

T/F regardless of their differences and public quarrels, Democrats and Republicans represent different slices of the political center in the United States and both support the same fundamental philosophies

true

T/F since 1900 the percentage of white collar workers in the US workforce has lost ground to the number of blue collar and farm workers.

false

T/F the cold war has been replaced by an economic war that places pure capitalism, represented by the West, against pure socialism, represented Russia and China

true

T/F multinational corporations have established a new world order characterized increase patriotism to their respective nations

false

T/F the united states serves as a perfect example of Laissez-Faire capitalism

false

T/F hunting and gathering societies usually have a subsistence economy

true

T/F the check and balances concept of government is mostly aligned with the conflict perspective when analyzed sociologically

false

T/F there is a political gender gap emerging where men are most likely to vote Republican and women are most likely to vote Democrat

true

T/F because of this nation's emphasis on democracy and freedom, most Americans vote in presidential elections

true

T/F in the industrial society term family and household are interchangeably

false

T/F it is a cultural universal that romantic love is the basis for marriage

true

T/F the number of children most Americans consider to be ideal has shifted toward larger families

false

T/F because of their greater desire for independence most children are leaving home at a younger age than a generation ago

false

T/F among the two parent families, nannies are the most common care providers for preschoolers while their parents are at work

false

T/F there are most Asian children in a two parent home than children of any other racial group

true