c
Military discipline at West Point Academy is most heavily dependent on:
(a) fear of punishment by superiors.
(b) positive reinforcement from superiors.
(c) group loyalty and conformity to social norms.
(d) personal motivation and self-discipline
social group
A collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations about behavior and who share a sense of a common identity
primary groups
friends and family
-smaller
secondary groups
sports team, college class, workplace
-larger, have purpose
conformity by Milgram
this research helped people understand the explanations that many ordinary Germans gave for participating in the Holocaust; they were just following orders.
conformity by asch
this research revealed that even with simple tasks for which the stakes are low, people conform to group expectations
organizations
An identifiable membership that engages in concerted collective actions to achieve a common purpose
- larger than secondary and are more complex
formal organization
#NAME?
networks
a way to study relationships between ppl:
-Sets of informal and formal ties that link people to each other
- may be connected to social groups, but not all members of the network are in the social group
in groups
us"
-loyalty and respect
out groups
them"
-antagonism and contempt
(ex: jews)
reference group
is another type of social group, which is a group that provides a standard for judging your attitudes or behavior
the effects of size
Dyads
Triads
Larger groups
Organizations
bureaucracy
A "pure type" constructed by emphasizing certain traits of a social item that do not necessarily exist in reality
5 characteristics of bureaucracy
#NAME?
formal and informal
relations in bureaucracy
George Ritzer
created the mcdonaldization of society
4 principles of mcdonaldization
1) efficiency
2) calculability
3) uniformity
4) control through automation
music lab experiment
Matthew Salganik, Peter Dodds, and Duncan Watts (2006) conducted research to test the effects of the influence of social networks on musical choices
- quantity of quality
obesity
The research of Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler suggests that ____ can be "contagious.
b
Alicia went on a weekend retreat with her coworkers where they played games, did trust exercises, and spent time sharing personal stories about themselves with the others. After the retreat, Alicia started spending a lot more time outside of work with these coworkers, effectively transforming her work group into a ______.
(a) secondary group
(b) primary group
(c) social aggregate
(d) family
d
the experiment performed by Solomon Asch demonstrated the extent to which individual behavior is influenced by ______.
(a) opinion
(b) individual perceptions
(c) morality
(d) group pressure
c
What is one key difference between an in-group and a reference group?
(a) An in-group provides positive standards to follow, while a reference group provides negative standards to oppose oneself to.
(b) Individuals have close ties with their in-group but no ties with their reference group.
(c) In-groups are groups to which one feels loyalty, while a reference group may provide standards for judging oneself without necessarily belonging to it or feeling loyalty to it.
(d) In-groups are composed of real people, which reference groups are usually composed of fictional or altered characters.
b
What is a dyad?
(a) the sociological term for a double date
(b) a group consisting of two people
(c) the relationship between a particular in-group and out-group
(d) a particular organizational structure where two authority structures are linked at the top levels
c
Suki is a teacher at a large high school. Although school rules require teachers to fill out a request form anytime they want to use one of the school's DVD players to show a film in class, Suki is friends with the audio-visual coordinator, who often lets her borrow a player without filling out the request form. When Suki does this, she is using ______________ rather than following formal procedures.
(a) deviant methods
(b) bureaucratic shortcuts
(c) informal relations
(d) networking
c
Many bars use electronic pour spouts on their liquor bottles that only allow a certain measurement of liquor to be poured at one time. By controlling the bartender's actions through automation, these pour spouts maintain the uniformity of drinks served and the efficiency of bartenders. Which concept from your text does this best illustrate?
(a) formal relations
(b) oligarchy
(c) McDonaldization