substantive definition of the family
blood and law; genetic heritage, adoption, and marriage
define: bilateral descent
both sides of a persons family are regarded as equally important
how is kinship learned?
culturally
family lives together, while kin....
....do not necessarily
what determines kin?
the principle of descent
define: an extended family
a family in which relatives live in the same household as parents and their children
define: nuclear family
a married couple and their unmarried children living together
two types of polygamy
1) polygyny 2) polyandry
define: polygyny
form of polygamy that allows a man to have many wives simultaneously
define: polyandry
a form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time
functionalist definition of the family
focuses on what families do
what are the six primary functions of families
1) reproduction
2) socialization
3) protection
4) regulation of sexual behavior
5) affection and companionship
6) provision of social status
definition: patriarchy
society in which men dominate in family decision making
definition: egalitarian family
spouses are regarded as equals
definition: endogamy
the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group
definition: exogamy
the requirement that people select a mate outside certain groups
major example of exogamy
the incest taboo
define: homogamy
tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics and interests similar to one's own
define:machismo
a sense of virility personal worth, and pride one's maleness
define: familism
pride in the extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk outside the immediate family
define: adoption
in a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents
define: single-parent family
a family in which only one parent is present to care for the children
define: cohabitation
the practice of a man and a woman living together in a sexual relationship without being married
define: domestic partnership
two unrelated adults who share a mutually caring relationship, reside together, and agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common necessities
along what lines do families vary?
1) proximity (extended v. nuclear)
2) authority (patriarchal, matriarchal, and egalitarian)
3) duration (divorce)
4) structure (dual-income, single parent, stepfamilies, cohabitation, single hood, child-free, and same-sex)
how do families vary in terms of proximity
extended v. nuclear
how do families vary in terms of authority
patriarchal, matriarchal, and egalitarian
how do families vary in terms of duration
divorce
how do families vary in terms of structure
relationship (if any), income, children, legal marital bond
what are the 3 kinship patterns?
1) bilateral 2) patrilineal 3) matrilineal
what are the various child rearing patterns?
parenthood, grandparenthood, adoption, dual-income families, single-parent families, stepfamilies
divorce rates began to increase in ____ but then leveled off; since the late ____, the divorce rate has declined by ___percent
divorce rates began to increase in the late 1960s but then leveled off; since the late 1980s, the divorce rate has declined by 30 percent
what do recent divorce rates indicate (3 things)
#NAME?
What are the 4 "diverse lifestyles"?
1) cohabitation
2) remaining single
3) marriage without children
4) lesbian and gay relations