Ideal culture
Cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept
Real culture
What actually occurs in everyday life
Values
Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
Cultural lag
Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
Culture
The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life
Subculture
Refers to cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
Cultural transmission
Process by which one generation passes culture to the next
multiculturalism
A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
As our society has entered a postindustrial, computer-based phase, what type of skills do workers need to gain?
Workers need symbolic skills in place of the mechanical skills of the industrial age. This is the ability to speak, write, compute, design, and create images in fields such as art, advertising and entertainment.
What are symbols according to sociologists?
Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
Norms
A society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.
Mores
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
Folkways
Norms for routine or casual interaction
Ethnocentrism
Practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
Cultural relativism
Practice of judging a culture by its own standards