Population
The inhabitants of a specific geographic area at a particular point in time.
Population Processes
Fertility, Mortality, Migration
John Graunt
Father of modern demography, studies of death in London
Segmenting markets
manufacturing, packaging products, or providing services that appeal to specific sociodemographically identifiable groups w/in the pop
Targeting
marketing technique of picking out particular sociodemographic characteristics and appealing to differences in consumer tastes and behavior reflected in those particular characteristics
Cluster Marketing
targeting marketing to a specific neighborhood on basis of shared sociodemographics
Sex Ratio at Birth
is the number of male babies born per 100 female babies. The SRB almost everywhere is around 105 males per 100 females born.
Census and Congressional Apportionment
Use of census data to determine the number of seats in the US Congress that will be allocated to each state
Redistricting
Spatially redefining US Congressional districts represented by each seat in Congress
Neolitihic Agricultural Revolution
10,000 years ago when humans first began to domesticate plants and animals thereby making it easier to live in permanent settlements
Population Explosion
rapid increase in size of world's population, especially since WWII
Doubling Time
The time it takes for a population to double at the current rate of growht
Natural Increase
Excess of births over deaths (difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate)
Population Balancing Equation
P= P + B- D + I - E
P=Population
B= Births
D=Deaths
I=Immigration
E=Emmigration
Population Projections
Calculation of the number of people we can expect to be alive at a future date, given the number now alive and given reasonable assumptions about age-specific mortality and fertility rates and migration
Colombian Exchange
exchange of food/products/ppl and diseases b/w Europe and the Americas as a result of explorations by Columbus and others
Crude Death Rate
Number of deaths in a given year divided by the total midyear population in that year
Age-Specific Death Rate
Number of people of a given age/sex who died in a given year divided by the total number of people of that age sex
Census
official enumeration of a population; the total process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time, to all persons in a country or delimited territory
De Jure
All of the people who legally belong in a given area
De Facto
the enumeration of everyone in a given territory on census day
Coverage Error
The combination of undercount and overcount
Classification/Content Error
Errors due to omitted or incorrect information on census questionnaires.
Processing Error
Result from errors or mistakes introduced in the actual processing of the census forms and data
Demographic Analysis
Method of evaluating the accuracy of a census by estimating the demographic components of change since the previous census and comparing it with the new census counts
Vital Registration
System to collect data on specific vital events, done continuously
Fetal Death
Disappearance of life prior to live birth, After birth, the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life
Abortion/Stillbirth/Miscarriage
Live Birth
Complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy
Birth Certificate
Details about the birth, baby, Mom (and if possible Dad)
Demographic Surveillance System
System of collecting demographic and health data in developing countries with poor census and vital registration coverage.
Death Certificate
Data collected by various individuals including presiding physician and funeral director/undertaker, Details about the decedent (funeral director), Details about the death (physician)
Current Population Survey
Monthly Nationwide survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census since March 1940, purpose is to collect labor force data about the civilian non-institutional population, primary source for unemployment data
American Community Survey
Begun in 1996 by the Census Bureau to collect demographic data yearly.
Collects data on ?2.1 million people in the US. (replaces long-form census for 2010)
Demographic and Health Surveys
Collects demographic data in over 75 developing countries (many have multiple waves of data).
Administrative Data
Demographic data collected by local , state, and federal government agencies for various purposes.
Malthusian Trap
when incomes rise then fertility will also rise. When incomes decline then fertility will decline.
Mercantilism
Underlying assumptions are that the supply of wealth (gold and silver) and therefore the volume of global trade is fixed, thus creating a zero-sum game.
Generating this wealth is facilitated by pop growth
The dominant school of economic thought between 15
Adam Smith
Wealth is derived from the application of labor to the land rather than from land alone, anti-Mercantilist
Thomas Malthus
Demographer, Political Economist (Ordained Minister)
Concerned with what drives population growth and
what are its consequences
Positive checks
increase the death rate
Preventative checks
prevent the birth rate from increasing ("moral restraint" & "vice")
Marxian critique of Malthus
Malthus blames poverty on the poor
Hanjal Line
Line" that divides parts of Europe
John Stuart Mill
Accepted Malthus' premise that population would grow faster than subsistence.
Was more optimistic than Malthus about the possibility that humans would voluntarily control their fertility.
Raise standard of living for the poor, very progressive
Arsene Dumont
French demographer who felt he discovered a new principle of population called "social capillarity"(desire to move up the ladder), said that children impede social mobility
Demographic Transition
general theory of demographic change and its relationship to socioeconomic development.
Modernization
is the idea that industrialization leads to social and economic changes that undermine traditional social institutions.
Kingsley Davis
Individuals and families respond to demographic change (mortality decline) in ways determined by their own goals and aspirations.
Homo Economics
Individuals act rationally to maximize their own utility.
Relative Cohort Size Hypothesis
Individual' preferences for lifestyle and economic success are developed in childhood and adolescence. They strive to achieve a level of economic success in adulthood that fits with those preferences. "How many kids do you want to have?" "How many sibling