What does the sociological perspective tell us about whom any individual chooses to marry?
The operation of society guides many of our personal choices.
Which early sociologist studied patterns of suicide?
Emile Drkheim
The personal value of studying sociology incldues
a. seeing the opportunities and constraints in our lives.
b. the fact that it is good perpetration for a number of jobs.
c. being more active participants in society.
(d. All off the above are correct.)
The discipline of sociology first developed in
countries experiencing rapid social change.
Which early sociologist coined the term sociology in 1838?
Auguste Comte
Which theoretical approach is closet to that taken by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim?
the structural-functional approach
Which term refers to the recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern?
manifest functions
Sociology's social-conflict approach draws attention to
patterns of social inequality.
Which woman, among the first sociologists, studied the evils of slavery and also translated the writing of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
Which of the following illustrates a micro-level focus?
observing two new dormitory roommates getting to know one anoter
Sociological perspective
rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution.
Sociology
the systematic study human society
Global perspective
the study of the larger would and our society's place in it
High-income countries
the nations with the highest overall standards of living
Middle-income countries
nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
Low-income countires
nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor.
Comte's Three Stages of Society
Theological Stage (the Church in the Middle Ages)
Metaphysical Stage (the Enlightenment and the ideas of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau)
Scientific Stage (modern physics, chemistry, scoiology)
Positivism
a scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation
Theory
a statement of how and why specific facts are related
Theoretical approach
a basic image of society that guides thinking and research
Structural-functional approach
framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
social structure
any relatively stable patten of social behavior
Social functions
the consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
manifest functions
the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
latent functions
the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
Social dysfunction
any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
Social conflict approach
framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
Gender-conflict approach
a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men
Feminism
support of equal rights for women and men
Race-conflict theory
the study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
Harriet Martineau
regarding as the first women sociologists
Macro-level orientation
a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole
Structural-functional approach
a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
Micro-level orientation
a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations
Symbolic-interaction approach
framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
Stereotype
a simplified description applied to every person in some category