What is the difference between a psychological approach to fear and a sociological approach?
soc:
-contrasting it w an INDIVIDUAL approach
- fear commonly shared/ patterned
-never not take social circumstances into account (unlike psych)
What are the three components of a fearmongering campaign, according to Glassner?
- repetition
- depiction of isolated incidents as trends
- misdirection
3.What does Glassner mean by "misdirection"?
- can be understood by the world of stage magic.
***Public attention can have its focus shifted away from real issues, just as a magician would shift its audience focus from one hand to the other when he's trying to perform a magic trick.
4.How, according to Joel Best, can statistics be used to scare people ("Scary Numbers")?
...
5.What are the basic details of the Salem witch craze?
...
6.How do Goode and Ben-Yehuda explain the TIMING of the Renaissance witch craze? (5)
-end of medieval order
-rise of cities and urban life
- the renaissance and humanism
- the scientific method
-the inquisition and its problems
7.How do Goode and Ben-Yehuda explain the CONTENT of the Renaissance witch craze?
- witchcraft is the reversal of what happens in the christian mass (witchcraft as "counter religion")
8.How do Goode and Ben-Yehuda explain the TARGET of the Renaissance witch craze?
- women presumed subservience
-changes in women states due to the black death
-women married later some didn't at all
-infanticide
9.Based on our discussion of Herdt ("Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger"), why have moral panics related to SEXUALITY become so prominent in the last four decades?
-become more prominent for cultural and political purposes
-through the internet.
-media only reproduces and sustain moral panics
10.What are the specific characteristics of a moral panic? What distinguishes it from a justified or measured fear? (5)
1.) Concern:
2.) Hostility: 'us' vs. 'them' or 'other'. generating folk devils
3.) Census: fairly widespread
4.) Volatility: erupt fairly suddenly, may stay longer, may reappear, and nearly as sudden subside . some become routinized or institutionalized,
11.What is a moral entrepreneur? What role does the moral entrepreneur play?
some moral panics are promoted by a moral entrepreneur. this individual/group may be concerned w the establishment of a new social norm or the maintenance of a traditional social norm, framing the issue in explicitly MORAL terms
12.What is a folk devil? What role does the folk devil play?
FD is a 'suitable enemy'. can be 1 person or a group. troublesome behavior.
-responsible for the threatening or damaging behavior condition to actors caught up in the moral panic
- personification of evil. "unfavorable symbols
13.Can you explain the different TYPES of moral panics we discussed in class (crime, religion, sexuality, etc.)? (4)
crime: "explosion" of violent crime. anonymous. (type of crimes: crime, internet, clowns)
political: jewish world domination, communism, voter fraud
medical: dangerous vaccines, cancer threats, ebola
religion: satanic abuse, the war on christmas, inslamop
14.Who is Stanley Cohen and how is he related to the study of moral panics?
sociologist. studied the fold devil.
15.Accordingto Goode and Ben-Yehuda, who are the five "actors" in the drama of the moral panic?
1.) The media: give events far more attention than deserved. overstate their seriousness. cant make stuff up but they can exaggerate it
2.) The public: the medias exaggerated coverage must strike responsive chord in the general public. "the public has to
16.What are the five elements of the moral panic?
1.) Concern:
2.) Hostility: 'us' vs. 'them' or 'other'. generating folk devils
3.) Census: fairly widespread
4.) Volatility: erupt fairly suddenly, may stay longer, may reappear, and nearly as sudden subside . some become routinized or institutionalized,
17.What are the five elements of disproportionality?
1.) figures exaggerated
2.) figures fabricated
3.) rumors of harm, invented and believed
4.) other more harmful conditions get equal or less attention
5.) changes in attention over time, independent of threat
18.What are the three theories of the moral panic?
- grass-roots model
- the elite-engineered model
- the interest group theory
19.How was childhood understood in medieval times?
- viewed as mini adults
- not regarded as sexually innocent
- parents didn't bond w their children (many died in infancy or fostered to work as domestic servants)
20.How was childhood understood in the 18th and 19th centuries?
18th: middle class and above children were starting to be viewed as innocent and in need for protection. (need for discipline also)
19th: half of workers were children. later on the house of refuge for children.
18th and 19th: tolerance for the abuse of c
21.How is childhood understood today?
- children became economically useless.
-children determined by love & care they deserve. adoption of newborn baby more desirable now. children bring forth a nurturing instinct in adults
22.What SOCIAL factors account for the various changes in conceptions of childhood over the centuries?
-children viewed as adults
- children for labor use
-children for sympathy
23.What is "muscular Christianity" and what SOCIAL concerns encouraged it?
social concerns:
-religious life of americans had become more feminized
-Jesus portrayed as soft and gentle
-religion had been womens domain
*** men sought to reclaim religion and created an alternative institution for manly religious expression
-Jesus no
24.Why does Kimmel say that homophobia is a core element of American masculinity?
-homosocial competition
-manhood rooted in the sphere of production (marketplace)
-no sissy stuff, be a big wheel, be a sturdy oak, give em hell
-being a man= not being like women
-manhood is demonstrated for other men approval
-**** MASCULINITY IS A HOMO
25.What did Robin D.G. Kelley learn when he shaved his head?
- ppl viewed him as scary
-he looked much more serious and more masculine
-if our society could dispense archaic (old fashioned) notions of appropriate masculine and feminine behavior, perhaps we can create a world that nurture and encourages and rewards
26.How do social conditions give rise to specific racial and ethnic fears?
- irish viewed as non white. their cloths were old. alcoholics and violent. viewed as animals or African americans.
-black masculinity.
27.What specific social conditions encourage Islamophobia?Under what social conditions would Islamophobia be LESS likely?
social conditions
-traditional Emirati clothing
-speaking arabic
-arabs and Muslims as menacing outsiders.
-"radical Islam is coming to our shores."
-aftermath of the 9/11 attack
-hate crimes
-news medias or articles helps normalize racist attitudes
-may