deviance
behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society (social norms)
stigma
the labels society uses to devalue members of a certain social group; term coined by interactionist Eric Goffman
social control
the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
sanctions
penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
conformity
complying with peers/individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior
obedience
compliance w higher authorities in hierarchical structure
informal social control
the unofficial social practices used to enforce norms; ie. spanking children, smiling/raising an eyebrow
formal social control
the enforcement of social norms by authorized agents; ie. police officers, management, judges, military officers
law
governmental social control
control theory
our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms( mores & folkways)
functionalist perspective
people violate social norms, because deviance is a common part of human existence both positive and negative
Durkheim's view
this person's view is that the punishment (formal/informal social control) helps define acceptable behavior which contributes to a society's stability
Kai Erikson
Sociologist who studied the 17th century Puritans to develop the boundary-maintenance function of deviance
anomie
loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective; term coined by Durkheim
anomie theory of deviance
five basic forms of adaptation to which people deviate or conform to cultural expectations in order to reach success or higher aspirations; developed by Robert Merton
conformity
the only non-deviant behavior in the anomie theory of deviance which accepts the societal goal & institutionalized means
innovator
accepts the societal goals, but improper means ie. safecracker
ritualist
abandons societal goal, and becomes committed to institutionalized mean--> they miss the big picture & just do work
retreatist
withdraws from both the societal goals and means ie: drug addicts/alcoholics/vagrants
rebel
creates/seeks new social structure/ abandons typical means/goals of society
cultural transmission
one learns criminal behavior by interacting w others
differential association
process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to the violation of rule; ie. smoking/early sexual behavior
social disorganization theory
increase in crime/deviance due to breakdown of communal relationships & social institutions; ie. the family, school, church. local gov
labeling theory
case of The Saints/The Roughnecks; discrepancy in social class; why certain people are viewed as deviants whereas others are excused for misbehavior
social-reaction approach
labeling theory; the response to act not the behavior itself determines deviance
deviance
behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society (social norms)
stigma
the labels society uses to devalue members of a certain social group; term coined by interactionist Eric Goffman
social control
the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
sanctions
penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
conformity
complying with peers/individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior
obedience
compliance w higher authorities in hierarchical structure
informal social control
the unofficial social practices used to enforce norms; ie. spanking children, smiling/raising an eyebrow
formal social control
the enforcement of social norms by authorized agents; ie. police officers, management, judges, military officers
law
governmental social control
control theory
our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms( mores & folkways)
functionalist perspective
people violate social norms, because deviance is a common part of human existence both positive and negative
Durkheim's view
this person's view is that the punishment (formal/informal social control) helps define acceptable behavior which contributes to a society's stability
Kai Erikson
Sociologist who studied the 17th century Puritans to develop the boundary-maintenance function of deviance
anomie
loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective; term coined by Durkheim
anomie theory of deviance
five basic forms of adaptation to which people deviate or conform to cultural expectations in order to reach success or higher aspirations; developed by Robert Merton
conformity
the only non-deviant behavior in the anomie theory of deviance which accepts the societal goal & institutionalized means
innovator
accepts the societal goals, but improper means ie. safecracker
ritualist
abandons societal goal, and becomes committed to institutionalized mean--> they miss the big picture & just do work
retreatist
withdraws from both the societal goals and means ie: drug addicts/alcoholics/vagrants
rebel
creates/seeks new social structure/ abandons typical means/goals of society
cultural transmission
one learns criminal behavior by interacting w others
differential association
process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to the violation of rule; ie. smoking/early sexual behavior
social disorganization theory
increase in crime/deviance due to breakdown of communal relationships & social institutions; ie. the family, school, church. local gov
labeling theory
case of The Saints/The Roughnecks; discrepancy in social class; why certain people are viewed as deviants whereas others are excused for misbehavior
social-reaction approach
labeling theory; the response to act not the behavior itself determines deviance