the scientific investigation of how scientific knowledge develops
sociology of science
an objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions
scientific method
universalism, organized skeptcism, communalism, and disinterestedness
according to Merton the modern scientific community is governened by four norms:
scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality. open to everyone
universalism
no scientific finding or theory is exempt from questioning
organized skeptcism
that everyone should know it and that research should be open to all scientists
communalism
seek truth not personal gain
disinterestedness
when they are doing certain projects they adopt these and do the opposite of everything
counter norms
fraud, competition, Matthew effect, and conflicting views of reality
problematic issues facing scientific research
recognition goes to the most famous one
matthew effect
shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific realtiy
paradigm