demograpy
concerns itself with everything that influences or can be influenced by pop size, change, distribution, structure, characteristics and demographic processes
natural increase
The difference between births and deaths
age and sex
These two population characteristics are so important that they are defined separately as pop structure
measures of demographic processes
Total fertility rate, life expectancy, and crude death rate
demographics
The application of demographic theories and methods to practical problems of the world are usually called
3.5 to 2.1 births
During the 20th century the average number of children born to women in the US declined from
population growth in developing countries
Globalization has been encouraged over the past several decades by
takes location of people being studied into account
Geodemogrpahics is the analysis of demographic data that does the following:
older adults
Demographic trends suggest that the greatest increase in the demand for health care services in US will come from
the size and rate of growth of populations in less developed societies
One of the demographic factors that attracts the attention of American investors contemplating international investment is
4 million
the world's population at the time of the American Revolution was approximately
extensively rather than intensively
Carrying capacity is lower for hunter-gatherers than for agriculturalists because they use the land
the AR
lowered death rates by increasing the food supply. it also raised death rates because of the increase in infectious diseases
The AR
was also responsible for increasing birth rates by improving the health of women
death rates were very high
Population growth was slow for most of human history because
Eruope
If a country is thought to be on the verge of population decline it is probably located in
Latin America
the region of the world most negatively affected demographically by European expansion was
population momentum or in-migration
How can countries with low fertility levels (below replacement level) still grow:
china and india
By 2050, these two countries will swap positions as the countries with the largest population:
mortality changes
world pop has not increased steadily over time; rather it has been buffeted especially by
1800
the pop of the world hit 1 billion in
high death rates combined with high birth rates
The den explanation for the rather slow growth of the human pop during the first percent of human history was
drop in mortality
the acceleration in pop since the middle of the 18th century has been due largely to a
state gets in the us house of rep
the census of the us is required by the constitution to determine the number of seats a
one response to race
since 2000 people have been able to give more than
de jure pop
counts all people who belong to a given territory
usual residence
the US, mexico, and canada all include people in the census on
migration
not typically considered to be a vital event
every 5 years
the censuses in canada and mexico are different from the us especially because it is conducted
the ACS
was designed to replace 2010 long form census
sampling error
the ACS is an improvement over the census because it reducts most sources of error except
more timely or current
the aCS is an improvement over the long form census because it is
live 1 year ago
the acs attempts to provide insight into migration patterns in the us when they ask where did you
fertility
besides migration the acs collects data on what other demographic process:
every 1 year
the acs will provide updated information for areas with over 65,000 persons
every 3 years
If an area has less than 65000 but more than 20000 persons ACS will provide updated data
every 5 years
For areas less than 20,000 person ACS data will be updated
increase in fertility
the short run impact of a decline in mortality on the age/sex structures resembles:
make it younger
the early impact of mortality decline on the age structure is to :
make it older
the long-term impact of a fertility decline on the age structure is to
pop size and structure
changes in migration is most likely to have the strongest short-term impact on
declining fertility
if you see an age pyramid that caves in at the younger ages, the most likely explanation is
pyramid
a population pyramid of a society with high birth rates and high death rates will have what type of shape:
age
societies define roles and expectations more by this characteristics than any other:
a structure high in children
countries with high birth rates tend to have what type of age structure:
bulge in the working age population
the so-called age dividend or demographic windfall is associated with which of the following types of age structures:
fertility rate
the single most important influence on the percentage of the pop that is older is the
life span
refers to the oldest age an organism may live
life expectancy
measures the average duration of life beyond a specific age
zero pop growth
when human life expectancy was around 20 women must bear an average of 7 children to achieve
83 in japan to a low of 44 in afghanistan
Today, life expectancies range from a high of
early screening for cancer
all of the following had significant influence on the decline in mortality in the US prior to WWII except
communicable diseases
throughout the most of human history the major causes of death have been related to
tobacco use
the most important real causes of death in the US are related to
rising to high levels in old age
the pattern which best describes when deaths tend to occur is high in infancy, low in teens, and then
lower female than male mortality rates at all ages
the most common pattern of age-sex differences in mortality is
when life expectancy is low
deaths are caused especially by infectious, parasitic diseases
age and sex patterns of dying
life expectancy is a better measure of mortality than the crude death rate because its calculations takes into account the
death rates at older ages will be lower than they are now
life expectancy typically underestimates the age at which a baby will die because
the mortality transition
a shift from deaths occurring mainly at younger ages from communicable diseases to death occurring mainly at older ages from degenerative diseases
a young age structure
tends to have more males than females
105 males per 100 females
in most human societies the sex ratio at birth is approximately
the declines steadily from age zero to the oldest age
in most human societies, the sex ratio changes with age in the following pattern:
Europe (where fertility rates are the lowest)
the region of the world with the highest proportion of older people is
china
the country with the greatest number of people aged 65 and older is (based off population)
eastern europe
population growth is occurring throughout the developing world, while the lowest rates of growth are found in
the middle east and north africa
the youth bulge has always been a volatile demographic force today that is most evident in which region of the world:
japan
because of its reluctance to accept immigrants this country is expected to decrease their population by about 30 million by 2050:
russian
deaths don't always remain low, as shown in the decrease in life expectancy of this country:
childhood obesity
normally life expectancy in the us has underestimated years of life remaining but the effects of this growing social trend may change that:
when life expectancy was high
deaths are due especially to degeneration from chronic diseases
older age structure
tends to have more females than males