Affirmative action
positive effors to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.
authority
insitutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
Capitalism
An economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
Charismatic authority
power made legitimate by a leaders exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
Color blind racism
the use of the principle of race ceutrailty to defend a racially unequal status quo.
Communism
As an ideal type, an economic system sunder which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of peoples ability to produce.
Deindustrialization
The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivy, such as factories and plants.
Democracy
In a literal sense, government by the people.
Dictatorship
A government in which one person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws.
Downsizing
Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization.
Economic system
The social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed.
Elite model
a view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
Force
the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others.
Industrial society
a society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services
Influence
the exercise of power through a process of persuasion
Informal economy
transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government
Laissez faire
A form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention in the economy
Microfinancing
Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty
Monarchy
A form of government headed by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler.
Monopoly
Control of a market by a single business firm
Offshoring
The transfer of work to foreign contractors
Oligarchy
the form of government in which a few individuals rule
Peace
the absense of war, or more broadly, a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations.
Pluralist model
a view of soety in which many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.
Political system
the social institution that is gounded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals.
Politics
in Harold Lasswell's words, "who gets what, when, and how
Power
the ability to exercise one's will over others
Power elite
A small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States.
Rational legal authority
power made legitimate by law
Representative democracy
a form of government in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people
Socialism
An economic system under which the mean sof production and distribution and collectively owned
Sovereignty movement
The effort by the indigenous people of Hawai'i to win self government, as well as the restoration of- or compensation for- their ancestral lands.
Terrorism
The use or threat of violence against random or symbolic, targets in pursuit of political aims.
Totalitarianism
virtuallly complete government control and surveilance over all aspects of a society's social and policial life
Traditional authority
legititmate power conferred by custom and accepted practice
War
conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons.
Precarious Work
Employment that is poorly paid, and from the worker's perspective, insecure and unprotected.