When sociologists study the existence of structured inequalities in a society, they refer to that structure as ___.
D) Social stratification
An example of a caste system is ___.
E) All of the above
In which type of society is the term CLASS most often used to analyze stratification?
B) Industrialized
Sociologists call a large group of people who occupy similar economic position and have similar economic resources that influence the type of lifestyle they are able to lead in society ___.
D) Class
Which of the following best explains the relationship between wealth and income?
C) The same factors that limit people's incomes also limit their ability to accumulate wealth.
What is the principal asset in the net worth of most American families?
C) Homes
How has globalization contributed to the increasing inequality in American society?
D) All of the above
According to Pierre Bourdieau, in a consumer society, lifestyle choices and taste ___.
B) Can intensify class differences
In Karl Marx's theory, a class is made up of people who have the same relationship to the ___.
B) Means of production
According to the functionalist theory, stratification is necessary to ensure that ___.
C) Important positions are filled by the most qualified people.
Social mobility refers to the ___.
D) Movement of individuals and groups between class positions
Emma is a partner at a large law firm in New York city. Her mother was a secretary at a bank, and her mother's mother cleaned offices for a living. This family history illustrates the concept of ___.
B) Intergenerational mobility
The factor that accounts for racial disparities in wealth and income is:
D) All of the above
Scholars use the term ___ to refer to biological differences between men and women.
A) Sex
What is the difference between the terms sex and gender?
B) Sex is a biological term;gender is a sociological term
Gender Socialization begins ___.
A) At birth
Variations in gender roles found in many different societies studied by social scientists demonstrate that ___.
C) gender roles are culturally determined
Although in the past 30 years the pay gap between men and women has ___, on average ___.
D) narrowed; women make substantially less than men
When sociologists refer to a patriarchal society, they are describing a society ___.
C) in which men dominate economic and political institutions
___ means that women and men are concentrated in different occupations.
B) Sex segregation or gender typing
According to human capital theory, women earn less than men on average because ___.
E) Employers are less likely to "invest" in their female employees because they believe women will have more interruptions in their careers; for example, for child rearing
More than one-half of the graduates from colleges of business administration are women. In most cases, these graduates are able to find fairly good entry-level positions. However, women's mobility up the corporate hierarchy is often thwarted. This barrier
E) The glass ceiling
Unwanted or repeated sexual advances, remarks, or behavior that is offensive to the recipient and causes discomfort or interference with job performance constitutes ___.
C) Sexual harassment
When sociologists refer to the "Second shift" for working women, they meant the ___.
D) Burden of housework that awaits a woman when she returns home from work.
The perspective that argues that men are responsible for and benefit from the exploitation of women and advocates abolition of the family and the power relations that characterize it is ___.
B) Radical feminism
As a sociological concept, race refers to ___.
C) Physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant.
Arturo is a documented worker in the US. He was injured while working and went to the hospital for treatment. While he was at the hospital, the doctors and nurses had difficulty communicating with Arturo because he speaks some English, but not enough to u
B) institutional racism
People and programs that explicitly condemn prejudice and discrimination against minority groups such as French-speaking Canadians are referred to as:
B) Antiracist
The supreme court decision that established the foundation for the civil rights struggles of the 1950s through the 1970s was:
A) Brown Vs. Board of Education
Tim is a construction working who is unemployed. He blames the recent influx of Mexican immigrants for his inability to get a new job. This is an example of ___.
D) Scapegoating
The term minority group is potentially ambiguous and confusing, particularly for sociologists, because ___.
A) They use the term to mean disadvantaged, not necessarily a group of less than 50% of the population
The systematic, planned destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group is called:
A) Genocide
The physical separation of a racial or ethnic group, whether by law or habit, is called:
C) Segregation
A situation in which ethnic cultures have a distinct and separated existences whereas their members participate in the economic and political life of the larger society is known as:
D) Pluralism
In the colonial model of migration ___.
A) preferences are granted to immigrants from former colonies.
Dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas often in a forced way or under traumatic circumstances is known as:
D) Diaspora
The large migration to the United States in the 1880s and 1890s came from
B) Southern and Eastern Europe.
During the 20th century, industrial development in the North and the mechanization of agriculture in the South resulted in a substantial migration to northern urban areas by:
B) African Americans
A political apparatus whose authority is backed by a legal system and by the capacity to use military force to implement its policies over a given territory is a(n):
A) state
The term that refers to the legitimate use of power is:
E) authority
Of the types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship, the right of individuals to enjoy a certain minimal standard of economic welfare and security is referred to as:
A) Social rights
When social rights become broadly established and government agencies provide material benefits for those who are unable to support themselves, a ___ is said to exist.
B) welfare state
The basic meaning of democracy is:
B) "the people" rule
The united states is a liberal democracy because:
B) Americans can choose between two or more political parties in an election
The one of the following that has contributed to the legitimation crisis in liberal democracies is:
D) the contradictory demands for more government services and lower taxes
Sociologists call an organization of individuals with broadly similar political aims oriented toward achieving legitimate control of government through an electoral process:
D) a political party
A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is a ___.
A) social movement
According to Charles Tilly, the factor most likely to cause violence at social protest is the __.
E) actions of the authorities
The social movement theory that would agree with the statement, "Protest is an end in itself. It helps us establish who we are and what we are about," is:
D) new social movements
In the music video for "If I Were a Boy," Beyonce highlights the inequality of men and women in domestic relationships. This is an example of ___.
B) radical feminism
The music video for "Born In East L.A." deals with some of the complexities of being Mexican-American in the United States. In the video/song, why is the protagonist (cheech) deported?
E) the immigration officer assumes Cheech is an illegal immigrant because he is ethnically Mexican