Management, Chapter 1

Management

the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively

Organization

a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose

Management (detailed definition)

1. The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by
2. Integrating the work of people through
3. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources

Efficiency

the means"; efficient means to use resources (people, money, raw materials) and the like- wisely and cost effectively

Effectiveness

the ends"; effective means to achieve results, to make the right decisions, and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals

Competitive Advantage

: the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them.

Innovation

finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services (avoid becoming complacent!)

Internet

the global network of independently operation but interconnected computers, linking hundreds of thousands of smaller networks around the world

E-commerce

the buying and selling of goods or services over computer networks

E-business

using the internet to facilitate every aspect of running a business

Email

text messages and documents transmitted over a computer network

Project management software

programs for planning and scheduling the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time

Databases

computerized collections of interrelated files

Telecommute

work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technologies

Videoconferencing

using video and audio links along with computers to let people in different locations see, hear, and talk with one another

Collaborative computing

using state-of-the-art computer software and hardware, will help people work better together

Knowledge management

the implementing of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization

Sustainability

economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Management process/four management functions

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

Planning

defined as setting goals and deciding how to achieve them

Organizing

defined as arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work

Leading

is defined as motivating, directing, and otherwise influencing people to work hard to achieve the organization's goals

Controlling

is defined as monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed

Top Managers

make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies

Middle Managers

implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them

First-Line Managers

make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel

Functional Manager

is responsible for just one organizational activity (example: vice president of production, director of finance, administrator of human resources)

General Manager

is responsible for several organizational activities (example: executive vice president (in charge of production, finance, and human resources)

Interpersonal Roles

(Figurehead, leader, and liaison): managers interact with people inside and outside their work units

Informational Roles

(Monitor, Disseminator, and Spokesperson): managers receive and communicate information with other people inside and outside the organization

Decisional Roles

(entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator): managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities

Entrepreneurship

is the process of taking risks to try to create a new enterprise

Entrepreneur

is someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launches a business to try to realize it

Intrapreneuer

is someone who works inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organizations resources to try to realize it

internal locus of control

the belief that you can control your own destiny

Necessity entrepreneur

a laid-off corporate worker, discharged military people, immigrants or divorced homemakers who suddenly must earn a living and are simply

Opportunity entrepreneur

those who start their business out of a burning desire rather than because they lost a job, they tend to be more ambitious and to start firms that can lead to high-growth business

Technical skills

consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field

Conceptual skills

consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together

Human skills

consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get thing done (aka soft skills)