Management Test-Ch. 14

Job

a set of specified work and task activities that engage an individual i an organization

Work

mental or physical activity that has productive results

Meaning of Work

the way a person interprets and understands the value of work as part of life

Job Enlargement

a method of job design that increases the number of activities in a job to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work

Job Rotation

a variation of job enlargement in which workers are exposed to a variety of specialized jobs over time

Job Characteristics Model

a framework for understanding person-job fit through the interaction of core job dimensions with critical psychological states within a person

Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS)

the survey instrument designed to measure the elements in the Job Characteristics Model

Job Enrichment

designing or redesigning jobs by incorporating motivational factors into them

Motivating Potential Score (MPS)

indicates a job's potential for motivating incumbents

Social Information Processing Model
(SIP Model)

a model that suggests that the important job factors depend in part on what others tell a person about the job

Growth-need Strength

desire to grow and fully develop one's abilities

Engagement

the expression of oneself as one performs in work or other roles

Ergonomics

the science of adapting work and working conditions to the employee or worker

Technocentric

placing technology and engineering at the center of job design decisions

Anthropocentric

placing human considerations at the center of job design decisions

Telecommuting

employees work at home or in other locations geographically separate from their company's main location

Job Sharing

an alternative work pattern in which more than one person occupies a single job

Virtual Office

a mobile platform of computer, telecommunication, and information technology services

Technostress

the stress caused by new and advancing technologies in the workplace

6 Patterns Used to Define Work

A: value comes from performance, accountability is important (Japan #2)
B: provides positive personal affect and identity (The Netherlands, Belgium & The US)
C: profit accrues to others by work performance (Israel)
D:Physical activity directed by others a

Interdisciplinary Framework

allows the job designer or manager to consider trade-offs and alternatives among the approaches based on desired outcomes

4 Approaches of Interdisciplinary Framework

Mechanistic, Motivational, Biological,Perceptual/Motor

Japanese Approach to Work

emphasis performance, accountability, and other self directedness

German Approach to Work

previously emphasis on technology and engineering at the center of job design (technocentric) recently emphasis on placing human considerations at the center of job design decisions (anthropocentric)

Scandinavian Approach to Work

emphasis on a work design model that encourages a high degree of worker control and a good social support system

Job Control is managed by

1) giving workers the opportunity to control several aspects of the work
2) designing machines and tasks with optimal response times
3) implementing performance monitoring systems as a source of relevant feedback to workers

Uncertainty is managed by

1) providing employees with timely and complete information needed for their work
2) making clear and unambiguous work assignments
3) improving communication at shift change time
4) increasing employee access to information resources

Conflict is managed by

1) participative decision making t
2) using supportive supervisory styles
3) having sufficient resources available to meet work demands

5 Contemporary Issues in The Design of Work

telecommuting, alternative work patterns, technostress, task revision and skill development

4 Traditional Approaches to Job Design

scientific management, job enlargement/job rotation, job enrichment, job characteristic theory

Scientific Management

emphasizes work simplification, limited tasks, and each task is specific

Flex Time

an alternative that enables employees to set their own daily work schedule

Task Revision

an innovative way to modify an incorrectly specified role or job assumes that organizational roles and job expectations may be correctly or incorrectly defined

Counter Role Behavior

a deviant behavior in either a correctly or incorrectly defined job or role