mission
A statement of an organizations fundamental purpose.
strategic goals
A goal set by and for top managers of the organization.
tactical goal
A goal set by and for middle managers of the organization.
operational goals
A goal set by and for lower-level managers of the organization.
optimizing
Balancing and reconciling possible conflicts among goals
strategic plan
A general plan outlining decisions of resource allocation, priorities, and action steps necessary to reach strategic goals.
tactical plan
A plan aimed at achieving tactical goals and developed to implement parts of a strategic plan.
operational plan
Focuses on carrying out tactical plans to achieve operational goals.
long-range plan
A plan that covers many years, perhaps even decades; common long-range plans are five years or more.
intermediate plan
A plan that generally cover from one to five years.
short-range plan
A plan that generally covers a span of one year or less
action plan
A plan used to operationalize any other kind of plan.
reaction plan
A plan developed to react to an unforeseen circumstance.
contingency plan
The determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an intended plan is unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate.
crisis management
The set of procedures the organization uses in the event of a disaster or other unexpected calamity.
single-use plan
Developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely to be repeated in the future.
program
A single use plan for a large set of activities
project
A single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program.
standing plan
Developed for activities that recur regularly over a period of time.
policy
A standing plan that specifies the organizations general response to a designated problem or situation
standard operating procedures SOP
A standing plan that outlines the steps to be followed in particular circumstances.
rules and regulations
Describe exactly how specific activities are to be carried out.
management by objectives MBO
A formal goal-setting process involving collaboration between managers and subordinates, the extent to which goals are accomplished is a major factor in evaluating and rewarding subordinates performance.