Which of the following is true with regard to groups?
A) A group is characterized by the independence of its members.
B) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures.
C) A group influences our emotional reactions.
D) An informal gathering cannot
C) A group influences our emotional reactions
Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?
A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact.
B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members.
C) They have negligible impact on employee p
E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals
An informal group is characterized by the ________.
A) stipulation of expected behaviors by the organization
B) predetermined designation of tasks of members.
C) pursuit of particular organizational goals.
D) fulfillment of the need for social contact
E)
D) fulfillment of the need for social contact
Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups?
A) The timeline of reference for formal groups is greater than that for informal groups.
B) The impact of formal groups on organizational performance is lesser than that of informal
E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined
Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group we are a part of, is the territory of the ________ theory.
A) social exchange
B) expectancy
C) social identity
D) reinforcement
E) equity
C) social identity
Which of the following represents the second stage in the five-stage group development model?
A) adjourning
B) performing
C) storming
D) forming
E) norming
C) storming
Which of the following stages of the five-stage group development model is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership?
A) introduction
B) storming
C) forming
D) evolution
E) norming
C) forming
The second stage of the five-stage group development model is characterized by ________.
A) uncertainty about the purpose, structure, and leadership of the group
B) cohesiveness and close relationships among members of the group
C) strong feelings of grou
D) intragroup conflict within the group
By the end of the stage of ________, a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group is established.
A) norming
B) storming
C) forming
D) adjourning
E) performing
B) storming
During the third stage of group development ________.
A) conflicts over leadership are common
B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness
C) intragroup conflicts occur
D) members resist the constraints the group places on them
E) groups disband
B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness
Which of the following statements is true regarding the norming stage of group development?
A) According to the five-stage group development model, this is the second stage in the group development model.
B) This stage is characterized by a great deal of
D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior
When the group energy is focused on the task at hand and the group is fully functional, it is said to be in the stage of ________.
A) storming
B) norming
C) inertia
D) forming
E) performing
E) performing
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage?
A) The performing stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership.
B) During the performing stage there
D) For permanent work groups, performing is the last stage in development
Which of the following is true with regard to the five-stage group development model?
A) All permanent groups pass through the five stages of this model of group development successively.
B) For temporary work teams, the performing stage is the last stage
D) A positive social focus may aid a group in reaching the performing stage more rapidly
Which of the following statements is true with regard to the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development?
A) It applies to all permanent work groups.
B) It follows the five stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
C) It does
E) It characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes
Tabby Tolman is a project coordinator at Tristar Solutions. Whenever a new project comes her way, she holds a project meeting and follows it up with repeated meetings to address any concerns the team may have and to monitor their progress. However, with t
E) transition following the halfway mark in the timeline
The first phase of group development for temporary groups involves ________.
A) the phase of inertia before transition
B) the determination of the group's direction
C) the transition to plan the major changes
D) a period of accelerated activity
E) the ado
B) the determination of the group's direction
The determination of the behavioral patterns and assumptions through which the group approaches the project is a function of the ________ phase in the punctuated-equilibrium model.
A) performing
B) inertia
C) equilibrium
D) transition
E) first meeting
E) first meeting
Which of the following represents the major determinants of group development and functioning as depicted by the punctuated-equilibrium model?
A) better perspectives and patterns
B) group solidarity and collectivist goals
C) promotion of diversity
D) dead
D) deadlines and time constraints
Role perception is defined as ________.
A) the way others believe we should act in a given context
B) our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation
C) the existence of roles that are at variance with one another
D) the socially defined posit
B) our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation
Janice Cooper has recently joined a hospital as a part of the internship program prescribed by the nursing school she attends. Janice, who was inspired to take up this profession by the story of Florence Nightingale, had very strong ideals about how she s
D) role perception
Role ________ is defined as the way others believe you should act in a given context.
A) fuzziness
B) expectation
C) conflict
D) perception
E) enhancement
B) expectation
Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, refrain from demonstrating favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the following terms best represents these beliefs?
A) diversity
B) simi
C) role expectation
When ________, the result is role conflict.
A) compliance with one role aids our performance in another role
B) compliance with the group is an attempt to understand who we are and how we fit into the world
C) compliance with the group is marked by a tend
D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss som
A) role conflict
Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members?
A) status
B) norms
C) dyads
D) goals
E) cliques
B) norms
Which of the following is an example of performance norms?
A) dress codes
B) rules in informal groups
C) assignment of difficult jobs, pay, and equipment
D) distribution of pay
E) the manner in which a job must be done
E) the manner in which a job must be done
The ________ norms dictate behavior such as with whom group members eat lunch and friendships on and off the job.
A) appearance
B) social arrangement
C) performance
D) reference
B) social arrangement
A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. Which of the following class
C) resource allocation norms
________ refers to the adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group.
A) Deviance
B) Conflict
C) Divergence
D) Conformity
E) Appearance
D) conformity
The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as ________ groups.
A) interacting
B) reference
C) organizational
D) control
E) nominal
B) reference
Jonas Wilkes has struggled for many years with tight finances at home. Throughout school and college, he worked really hard, earned the best grades, and prepared himself for a better life. By a better life, he meant a house in the uptown Wellington Road a
E) reference group
Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threaten the well-being of the organization or its members?
A) undue hardship
B) deviant workplace behavior
C) antidiscriminatio
B) deviant workplace behavior
Which of the following is true with regard to deviant workplace behavior?
A) It is involuntary in nature.
B) Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group.
C) It has a negligible adverse impact on organization as it is a
B) Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group
Status refers to the ________.
A) impact that support of group norms has on workplace civility
B) adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group
C) socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
D) existenc
C) socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?
A) control over the resources needed by the group
B) contribution to goals
C) ability to conform to group norms
D) personality
E) talent
C) ability to conform to group norms
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?
A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.
B) People in high-status jobs have especially nega
B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group has on the performance of the group?
A) The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior.
B) Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completi
C) As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving
Which of the following terms indicates the tendency of individuals to spend less effort when working collectively?
A) groupthink
B) collective efficacy
C) social loafing
D) groupshift
E) social facilitation
C) social loafing
When faced with a number of tight deadlines, Mandy Moore often delegates work collectively. Recently she chose some fairly experienced employees to work on a high-priority project. She was heartened to see that the selected group of employees was having n
C) social loafing
Which of the following is a contributing factor with regard to social loafing?
A) difficult task assignments
B) high collective efficacy
C) severe time constraints
D) dispersion of responsibility
E) heavy workload
D) dispersion of responsibility
Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?
A) increasing the rewards the group is given if it succeeds
B) increasing the amount by which the group's progress is monitored
C) ensuring that individual contributions to the gro
C) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified
Which of the following is true with regard to social loafing?
A) Social loafing decreases when rewards are added for collective performance of the group.
B) Social loafing reflects the drastic rise in employee performance when they work collectively.
C) S
E) Social loafing is witnessed less in collectivist cultures where people take pride in group performance
ICE is a non-profit organization that runs awareness campaigns and research programs that provide data to initiate the process of legislative changes on various aspects of the environment like forest cover, nuclear fuel, endangered species and others. The
C) Two of the most experienced employees on the team reported having to shoulder a disproportionate amount of the current workload and asked for an internal transfer
________ refers to the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group.
A) Assertiveness
B) Social dominance
C) Authoritativeness
D) Cohesiveness
E) Diversity
D) cohesiveness
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity?
A) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high.
B) The productivity of the group i
E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high
________ is defined as the extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from, one another.
A) Homogeneity
B) Diversity
C) Conformity
D) Civility
E) Universality
B) Diversity
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making when compared to individual decision making?
A) increased ambiguous responsibility
B) increased conformity pressures
C) increased diversity of views
D) increased dispersion of accountability
C) increased diversity of views
When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions.
A) acceptance of solution
B) speed
C) efficiency
D) clear responsibility
E) legitimacy
A) acceptance of solution
Group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________, when compared to individual decision making.
A) diversity
B) creativity
C) acceptance of final solutions
D) speed
E) accuracy
D) speed
________ is defined as a phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action.
A) Groupshift
B) Social loafing
C) In-group favoritism
D) Cyber loafing
E) Groupthink
E) groupthink
Sonia Soans is corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity she understands the
D) groupthink
Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager so as to minimize groupthink?
A) increasing the group size
B) encouraging group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity
C) preventing all team members from engaging in a critical evaluat
E) seeking input from employees before the group leader presents his opinions
In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.
A) social desirability bias
B) groupshift
C) halo effect
D) social loafing
E) in-gr
B) groupshift
Groupshift is seen when ________.
A) group members view themselves in better light when compared to members of the out-group
B) group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a
B) group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution
The HR department at Bailey Services is considering offering telecommuting as an option to some experienced employees. At a meeting to formalize the move, the heads of the different departments met with Laura Watson, the HR manager. Laura, who thought thi
B) groupshift
Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, an European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices
D) Mark proposed that the prices be hiked and additional customer service measures be included so customers have the best experience flying with EuAir
Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, an European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices
B) Mark stated that the company should increase operations but a lower fares so they an regain control over the market share
Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, an European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices
B) Joe determined that the best strategy would be to slash prices and minimize all fringes that are used for customer service
Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, an European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices
D) Joe suggested adding a fuel surcharge to all tickets for commercial flights with immediate effect
Groupthink is most commonly seen in the group decision-making approach using ________.
A) reference groups
B) nominal groups
C) brainstorming
D) interacting groups
E) electronic meeting groups
D) interacting groups
Like many other marketing strategy specialists, Mark Fritz relies heavily on creativity and originality. Members of his team are selected on the basis of their ability to think divergently, and Mark often conducts activities to ensure that this ability is
C) brainstorming
Which of the following statements is true regarding brainstorming?
A) Brainstorming encourages criticizing an idea as early as possible.
B) Brainstorming overcomes the problem of "production blocking."
C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for confo
C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity
A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion is the ________ technique.
A) reference groups
B) nominal groups
C) brainstorming
D) interacting groups
E) in-grou
B) nominal groups
Bonnie Patterson is a manager for seven years at Wayne and Watson, a legal consultancy firm. A good part of her work day involves holding meetings and she likes to get work on a time-bound schedule. For this reason, members of her team receive the agenda
D) nominal group
Hubert Gray needs an instruction manual developed for his new product. This is the last step of the project and he has severe budget constraints. He needs a small team of technical writers to work together closely to write the manual on fairly short notic
E) interacting and brainstorming
ABL is one of the largest consumer goods companies in the country and it recently held its annual conference where members of all regional divisions were invited. Since the company is vast and rarely finds all its employees together in such a manner, it u
C) electronic meeting approach