adjourning
The stage of team development in which members prepare for the team's disbandment.
committee
A long-lasting, sometimes permanent team in the organization structure created to deal with tasks that recur regularly.
conflict
Antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to thwart the intentions or goals of another.
distributive negotiation
A competitive and adversarial negotiation approach in which each party strives to get as much as it can, usually at the expense of the other party.
formal team
A team created by the organization as part of the formal organization structure.
forming
The stage of team development characterized by orientation and acquaintance.
free rider
A person who benefits from team membership but does not make a proportionate contribution to the team's work.
global team
A work team made up of members of different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries; may operate as a virtual team or meet face to face.
groupthink
The tendency for people to be so committed to a cohesive team that they are reluctant to express contrary opinions.
horizontal team
A formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise.
integrative negotiation
A collaborative approach to negotiation that is based on a win-win assumption, whereby the parties want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides of the conflict.
mediation
The process of using a third party to settle a dispute.
negotiation
A conflict-management strategy whereby people engage in give-and-take discussions and consider various alternatives to reach a joint decision that is acceptable to both parties.
norming
The stage of team development in which conflicts developed during the storming stage are resolved and team harmony and unity emerge.
performing
The stage of team development in which members focus on problem solving and accomplishing the team's assigned task.
problem-solving team
Typically 5 to 12 hourly employees from the same department who meet to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment.
self-directed team
A team consisting of 5 to 20 multi-skilled workers who rotate jobs to produce an entire product or service, often supervised by an elected member.
social facilitation
The tendency for the presence of others to influence an individual's motivation and performance.
socioemotional role
A role in which the individual provides support for team members' emotional needs and social unity.
special-purpose team
A team created outside the formal organization to undertake a project of special importance or creativity.
storming
The stage of team development in which individual personalities and roles emerge along with resulting conflicts.
superordinate goal
A goal that cannot be reached by a single party.
task specialist role
A role in which the individual devotes personal time and energy to helping the team accomplish its task.
team
A unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to accomplish a specific goal.
team cohesiveness
The extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it.
team norm
A standard of conduct that is shared by team members and guides their behavior.
vertical team
A formal team composed of a manager and his or her subordinates in the organization's formal chain of command.
virtual team
A team made up of members who are geographically or organizationally dispersed, rarely meet face to face, and do their work using advanced information technologies.