in a group interview, when there are more interviewers than interviewees, the term PANEL INTERVIEW is used
false; board
in the INVERTED FUNNEL sequence questions move from specific to general
true
what sequence are these interview questions formed in:
"tell me about your last position."
"what were your main accomplishments?"
"did you save the company any money?"
"how much?"
"which was your greatest accomplishment: saving money for the company or im
funnel sequence
what sequence are these interview questions formed in:
"how many years have you been a manager?"
"tell me about your management techniques."
"how many employees work for you currently?"
"do you think you could handle any more?"
"do you have any interviewi
neither funnel nor inverted funnel sequence
which of the following is NOT a leading question:
"you want the kind of job that gets you more money, don't you?"
"we are looking for creative people here. what do you have to offer?"
"do you think all employees should receive raises?"
"i dont think you h
do you think all employees should receive raises
questions following the inverted funnel sequence
begin with specific or closed questions and move to open or hypothetical open questions
which graph shows changes in relationship over time?
line graph
in preparing her powerpoint presentation, in order for her slides to be effective, clara's finished slides should have
upper and lower case type on the text visuals
a principle for having quality visuals is
avoid using colors that tend to look the same at a distance
in an ILLUSTRATION the speaker simply describes the relationship between certain items, makes clear the definition of a term or word, or gives instructions on how to do something
false, explanation
twitter comments can be used CAUTIOUSLY by speakers as supporting materials in a speech
true
most people like these words
loyalty, courtesy, ease
information from experts
should have the experts qualifications cited if they are not known to the audience
what type of support is the following: "more than 128 million americans- including one million children 4 to 7 years old- suffer from hearing loss
statistics
what type of support would begin with the following: "gentlemen, i want you to suppose a case for a moment.
hypothetical illustration
in a presentation on grades and student stress, what type of support is the following: "one student we interviewed complained of headaches during each exam. another student complained of stomach problems.
example
what type of support is the following: "anxiety, which affects twice as many women as men, is treated with medication and counseling, according to dr. thomas leaman of the milton s. hershey medical center of Penn State
expert opinion
what type of support is the following: "generalized anxiety disorder is an unrealistic or excessive worry about some life circumstance that persists for six months or longer. this is often accompanied by difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping, or irri
explanation
what is true of plagiarism?
if you change around a few words or phrases or you change the order of the original's sentences, you are obligated to give the source of the passage
in a group interview, interviewees should
make their answers direct and brief
ENCODING is the process of trying to interpret the exact meaning of a message
false, decoding
the CHRONOLOGICAL arrangement organizes main points according to their location, such as front-to-rear, north-to-south.
false, spacial
according to your text, what is the most accurate definition of communication
communication is the process of people sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other in commonly understandable ways
senders are often referred to as
encoders
every communicator should remember that
the only message that counts is the message that is received
what happens to a message communicated downward through five levels of management
it looses about 80% of its content
how are the main points organized:
"the Best of XYZ Software"
I. XYZ allows typing in columns
II. XYZ creates perfect footnotes
III. XYZ automatically outlines and indexes
topical pattern
the first step in preparing an informative presentation should be to
analyze the audience
a question designed to make the audience think, and for which no answer is expected, is known as a
rhetorical question
the following sentence is an example of what:
"after hearing my speech, the audience will understand how to input data into the new system
exact purpose
frame of reference
inaccurate encoding and decoding can be responsible for some of our major communication breakdowns. these occur bc everyone has their own background/frame of reference. it includes educational background, race, cultural values, sex, life experiences, atti
3 basic communication codes
the code is the symbols that carry the message. 1. language (verbal) 2. paralanguage (vocal) 3. nonverbal cues (visual)
language code
(verbal): spoken or written words used to communicate thoughts and emotions. 30-35% of the social meaning of a conversation/interaction is carried by the words
paralanguage code
(vocal): the vocal elements that go along with spoken language, including tone of voice, pitch, rate, volume, and emphasis.
nonverbal code
(visual): all intentional and unintentional means other than writing or speaking by which a person sends a message, including facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, appearance, posture, size and location of office, and arrival time at meetings.
channel
the medium selected to carry the message. ex: face-to-face discussion, telephone calls, memos, emails, instant messaging, blogs, newsletters, magazines, radio, and television
channel richness
the amount of information a channel can convey. the more codes a channel conveys, the higher its level of richness
face-to-face discussion and television channel
contain all three codes (nonverbal, language, paralanguage)
radio/telephone channel
include language and paralanguage
memos/email/blogs/IM/newsletter/ magazine
include only language code. attempt to add paralanguage by underlining or bolding words
feedback
verbal and visual response to a message. can be self-monitoring response that allows us to modify our behavior until it meets our expectations. it is the only way we can know whether messages we send are interpreted as we intended, otherwise we must assum
descriptive feedback
tactfully honest and objective. use words that simply describe the situation, and are more likely to result in cooperation
evaluative feedback
judgmental and accusatory. causes defensiveness and hurt feelings.
communication model
allow us to pinpoint where in the process misunderstandings occur and to assess how to correct them. includes: person a/b, stimulation and motivation, encoding and decoding, frames of reference, code, channel, feedback, environment, and noise
gallup poll surveys on ethics
the american public has lost faith in the honesty and ethics of most professional people, including business professionals. and that 71% of americans think the moral values of the country are getting worse. nurses, druggists, and pharmacists are ranked wi
graphic visuals
include organizational charts and flowcharts, diagrams and schematic drawings, maps, and graphs, with just enough words to clarify the visual. limit data to what is absolutely necessary, combine data when possible, make bars wider than the spaces between
the left side of the brain is used in a visual when
we specialize in step-by-step, analytic processing of information, and pay close attention to detail. if you use no visuals or only statistic-heavy tables, the left side of the brain does all the work. the audience makes mistakes in reasoning, information
visual aid research
listeners can comprehend faster with a visual aid, and you can present info in less time. the use of visuals could reduce the length of the avg. business meeting by 28%. also, that an "average" present who uses visuals can be as effect as an "expert" pres
electronic and multimedia aids
aids with color, animation, sound, photos, and video clips. one of the most popular software programs for visual aids is PowerPoint. the main point of using visuals is to aid listener comprehension; use sounds sparingly, if at all; select images carefully
font types
types: 1. sans serif 2. serif. effects the readability of your visuals and will either harmonize with or distract from the overall tone or style of you speech. use no more than two diff fonts per visual, and be consistent.
sans serif (font type)
font type that is a geometric-looking, simple typeface. it is recommended for titles or emphasis. includes futura (modern), impact, tahoma, verdana, helvetica (urban), and arial (professional).
serif (font type)
typeface with small lines, or finishing strokes, that extend from letter stems. good for text and small labels on charts. includes times new roman (official), century (friendly), garamond (sophisticated), and bookman old style.
tips for an effective powerpoint
the main point of using visuals is to aid listener comprehension; use sounds sparingly, if at all; select images carefully and choose the best format for them; make sure that the audience can see you when the lights are turned off; make sure the visuals c
powerpoint shortcuts
use the speech template
reasons for using visual aids
improve listener memory, speed comprehension, and add to speaker credibility.
literal comparison
shows similarities or differences between two or more items from the same class or category. ex: two styles of management, sales of three competing companies, two advertising campaigns, and monthly travel expenses of five top salespersons. offers solid ev
figurative comparison
shows similarities or differences between two or more items from different classes or categories. never used for proof, but they do add interest and clarify ideas. ex: compares a salesperson's competitive drive to the drive of a hungry bear.
factual illustration
detailed narrative about someone, something, or some event that actually happened.
hypothetical illustration
detailed narrative about someone who could exist or some event that could or probably will happen. made up by the speaker to fit a particular situation. to be effective, it must be possible or likely.
examples
brief references to specific items or events that are used for both proof and clarification. can be presented either as lists of items with no detail or as a series of items described with a few brief facts. to be effective, are usually presented in group
statistics
numbers used to show relationships between items. can clarify and add proof to your ideas. relate statistics to your listeners' frame of reference; eliminate statistics that are not absolutely necessary; round off statistics to an easy number; demonstrate
expert opinion
refers to the ideas of an expert in the field, either paraphrased or quote directly by the speaker. is best when kept brief. excellent way to add clarification and proof. always state the name of the expert, briefly describe his or her qualifications (unl
pitch
the highness and lowness of vocal tones. important to vocal variety. use step changes in pitch and pitch inflection to add interest and enthusiasm, and communicate subtle or implied meanings.
volume (tone)
the loudness and softness of your voice. must be loud enough to be easily heard anywhere in room, vary the volume of your voice to make interesting, and incr. and decr. to emphasize words
rate
how fast or how slowly you speak. maintains listener attention. fast=excitement, suspense, and emphasis; slow=inappropriate/boring, emphasis for importance
thesis statement
has two parts: a general statement of purpose and a summary of the main points to be covered. easier to follow and remember ideas when listing key points.
topical pattern
used to divide a topic when no spatial, chronological, or causal relationship exists. easiest and most popular. most effective when points are arranged from most to least important, known to unknown, or familiar to unfamiliar.
spacial (geographical) pattern
organizes main points according to their spatial location, such as front to rear, north to south, bottom to top, or left to right.
chronological (time) pattern
used to present events in the order of their occurrence or steps in the order in which they should be followed.
causal pattern
used when main points have a cause-effect relationship. you only have two points: 1. cause 2. effect. can order it as cause-effect or effect- cause. ex of cause-effect: I. many employees use email and blogs for social and personal business II. the company
preparation steps of a presentation
1. carefully analyze your potential listeners. 2. identify your general topic. 3. write your exact purpose in one sentence. 4. plan the body of your presentation. 5. prepare the conclusion and the introduction. 6. practice using your speaking notes and vi
purposes of a manuscript
helps to ensure that the presentation will not be too long, allows upper management to read and okay the presentation before it is given, protects the speaker from saying something unintentionally and from blatant misinterpretation.
examples of attention getters
reveal one or more startling facts; ask a question- rhetorical or actual; tell a joke or humorous story relating directly to the topic; briefly cite two or three specific incidents or examples that relate to the topic; recount an actual or hypothetical ev
opening phase
part of an interview that includes three steps: rapport, orientation, and motivation (in that order).
rapport
a comfortable, "I respect you as an individual feeling" that makes both participants receptive to the interview. initial 1-4 minutes is almost the most important bc it includes the first impression.
direct questions
limit responses, save time, and may be more relaxing for some interviewees compared to open ended questions. usually answer is "yes" or "no". ex: "is the accusation against you accurate" ; "did you accomplish your top priority this year" ; "how long have
funnel sequence
questions that move from the general (open-ended or hypothetical open questions) to the specific (closed or direct). most common sequence, gives interviewer a chance to listen and learn about the interviewee.
inverted funnel sequence
questions that move from specific to direct. typically used with reluctant, shy, or unmotivated respondents.
hourglass sequence
when the interviewee's last answer in a funnel sequence wasn't what you expected, you can reopen the questioning to clarify the missing information. each question becomes more and more general until you end with a final summary (open-ended) question.
diamond sequence
used when the answer to your final question in an inverted funnel sequence is unexpected or unclear. to clarify you reopen questioning by starting with a general question and then moving to more and more specific ones until you end with a closed (direct)
purpose of sequence/question organizers
jumping back and forth between general areas makes it difficult to remember what was discussed and what answers were given, so organization is important and you can use questions more effectively.
standard questions
questions that are designed to determine basic skills and abilities. ex: "what do you know about our company" ; "what salary are you expecting" ; "describe yourself in three adjectives." ; "what is the best idea you've had in the last 3 years
behavioral questions
questions that require you to give examples of your skills or behaviors. usually have a scenario. ex: "suppose you had an important decision to make, but the info to base it on was conflicting. how would you handle the situation?
structured interview
everything is planned in advance and you have much less opportunity to be creative in your responses. asks direct/closed questions and wants you to be to the point. keep answers brief but with necessary info.
letter of application preparation
purpose is to give enough info about you and your capabilities so the employer will be interested in talking with you personally- like a cover letter. displays writing skills, should relate specifically to the company/person, find out as much about the co
impression management
refers to the efforts people make to improve how others see them. your first impression. communicating and dressing for the occasion. when a positive impression is made in the first 5 mins, the applicant was hired 75% of the time. when a good impression i
responsibility of the interviewee
investigate employment market; locate jobs of interest and prepare a resume; prepare a letter of application; have a positive attitude and good impression management; be prepared for any type of interview and carefully plan answers to probable questions;
responsibility of the interviewer
get to know the interviewee before; plan the environment, organize questions carefully; ask only lawful questions; clarify and verify responses to avoid false inferences
lawful vs. unlawful questions
lawful questions DO NOT include questions about race, sex, national origin, religion, age, or marital status. all questions MUST BE JOB RELATED, and the same basic questions must be asked of all applicants for the position.
examples of unlawful questions
what is your wife's maiden name"; "have you ever been arrested"; "please include a photograph with your application form"; "do you own your own home".
examples of lawful questions
are you a citizen of the US" "what languages do you speak and write fluently" "tell me about your educational background and gpa
how to answer unlawful questions
i'm not clear on how that relates to my ability to handle this job. could you clarify it for me?"
-with sincerity, ask the same question of the interviewer.
-laughter, and then "is having children a requirement of this job?