crime in the United States
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what's the difference between conformity and compliance?
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what's chapter 6 about?
deviance
what's deviance?
behavior that violates the expectations of society
social stigma
labels society uses to devalue memners of certain social groups
in what way crime statistics misleading?
the FBI's crime index is based on reported crimes, which may represent all of them since many go unreported. (one should should instead rely on victimization surveys)
what are the 4 types of crime
1) white collar 2) victimless 3)organized and 4) international
what is victimless crime?
trade in illegal substances
the 5 perspectives on deviance/crime
(1) durkheim
(2) merton's anomie (strain theory)
(3) sutherland's cultural transmission
(4) zimbardo's social disorganization theory
(5) chambliss' labeling theory
explain (2 points) durkheim's theory of deviance
(1)deviance is in the eye of society
(2) sanctions and punishments unite (positive affect)
merton's theory of deviance
(1) builds on durkheim's theory of deviance (2) society has a common goals and certain accepted means to acheive it (3) 5 basic forms of adaptation
what are merton's 5 different forms of adaptation in his strain theory of deviance? (don't define them)
(1) conformity
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(2) innovator
(3) ritualist
(4) retreatist
(5) rebel
who is the "innovator" in merton's theory of deviance
- has the same goal as the rest of society
- doesn't play by the rules
who is the "ritualist" in merton's theory of deviance
#NAME?
who is the "retreatist" in merton's theory of deviance
#NAME?
who is the "rebel" in merton's theory of deviance
#NAME?
define control theory
bonds to other members of society induce us to follow certain mores & folkways
what's the diff. betweenc conformity and obedience?
#NAME?
Who coined "social stigma"?
Erving Goffman
who created cultural transmission theory?
edwin sutherland
define sutherland's cultural transmission theory
- individuals are socialized to conform to society's basic norms & values as well as deviant behaviors
- process called differential association
what is sutherland's differential association
process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to crime leads to more crime
who created social disorganization theory?
philip zimbardo
define zimbardo's social disorganization theory?
#NAME?
who created labeling theory?
#NAME?
what is the emphasis of chambliss' labeling theory?
on the response to deviant behavior
what perspective is labeling theory associated with?
conflict theory
who applies the labels in labeling theory?
the empowered groups (evil rich people)
who says the rich use the criminal justice system to promote their own interests?
richard quinney
another name for labeling theory
societal-reaction approach
discuss labeling theory with the roughnecks and saints
because the empowered classes applies labels, the saints' deviance wasn't as stigmatized as that of the roughnecks. consequently, the roughnecks where persecuted more strongly
how does power relate to differencial justice?
the empowered groups hold greatest influence in the criminal justice system, and thus perpetuate bias within it against minorities
gender
our formerly nearl entirely male-dominated society biases our crim. justice system against women. e.g. law that it's ok to rape your own wife