bourgeoisie
own the means of production in industrial society
conflict perspective
a view that society is composed of groups with clashing interests who engage in a struggle over control of valuable social resources. attempts to explain social change
functionalist perspective
a view that society is a relatively stable and orderly system composed of interdependent and interrelated parts. view social change as a strain on the system. attempts to explain social stability
industrialization
the process by which societies are transformed from agricultural baced economic activity to manufacturing based economic activity
latent function
the largely unintended and unrecognized consequences of an activity or social institution (ex: wedding-having to go to family reunion)
macro level
a focus on the social institutions and large scale social processes that shape society as a whole
manifest function
the intended expected, or overly recognized consequences of an activity or social institution (ex: wedding- legally join together 2 people)
micro level
a focus on the dynamics and meanings of face-to-face interactions between people and small groups
proletariat
people who own only their labor power, which they sell to the bourgeoisie to earn a living
social dysfunction
the undesirable consequences of an institution or activity for the social system (ex: child abuse in privacy of home)
social facts
patterned ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling beyond the individual
social structure
the stable, organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that exist within a particular group or society
society
a large grouping of people who occupy and interact together in the same geographic area, are organized by and subject to a common political authority and dominant cultural expectations, and whoise members share a sense o identity, loyalty, and purpose
sociological perspective
the ability to see the general in the particular. this perspective directs one to see the link between the societal or social content (the general) and the behavior of individuals (the particular)
sociology
the systematic study of human society and social interaction
symbolic-interaction perspective
a view of society as the ongoing product of the everyday interactions and shared meaning of people and groups. definitions and interpretations are greater analytical interest than objective conditions and relations
theoretical perspective
a basic overall image or paradigm used to organize a way of understanding society
theory
a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to explain, describe, and occasionally predict how two or more social phenomena are related
urbanization
the process by which an increasing proportion of a society's population lives in cities instead or rural areas
auguste comte
cointed the tem sociology and beleived that the application of the scientific method to the study of industrial society would lead to its improvement
c. wright mills
identified the term sociological imagination to decribe the link between an individuals experiences and the society in which the individual lives
charles horton cooley
symbolic-interactionist who identified the concept of looking glass self, in which ones sense of self is based on the imagined reactions of thers
emile durkheim
conducted well known studies on social facts using suicide pattern statistics
erving goffman
symbolic-interactionist who used dramaturgical analyst to explain social roles
george herbert mead
symbolic-interactionist who explored the social influences on the development of a sense of self
karl marx
founded the conflict perspective by dividing society into the bourgeosie and proletariat
robert merton
functionalist who discerned between manifest and latent functions
industrialization and urbanization
changes that happened when sociology became a scientific study
protestants, men, and single people
high rate of suicide in these groups
anomie
condition in which society provides little moral or behavior guidance of individual raising suicide rates