socialization
a process in which we learn & internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture & develop a sense of self
when does socialization start & end
birth---> death
socialization provides a link between
individuals and society
personality
a dominant patterns of attitudes, feelings, behaviors
Freud believed 3 parts of personality
id, ego, sugerego
George Herbert Mead- what concept
mind and self concept- individuals mind and conception of self are inseparable from society and social interaction
self
a person's conscious recognition that he or she is a distinct individual who is part of a larger society
self emerges thru
social experience
2 parts of Mead's "self
I" and "me
I
unsocialized self as the subject
me
socialized self as object/ reactive- based on how others see our actions
Looking-glass self
process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction
looking-glass self- who?
charles horton cooley
3 parts of looking-glass self
imagination of our APPEARANCE to others; imagination of their JUDGMENT of that appearance; development of FEELINGS about and responses to their judgment
situated self
the self that emerges in a particular situation
social learning theory
much behavior is derived from modeling others
agents of socialization
groups and institutions that both informally and formally take on the task of socialization
3 mains agents of socialization
family, school, religion
4 other agents of socialization
peers, workplace, media, state/govt
family does what
helps you internalize culture & develop a social identity
family impacts socialization by
being intentional/carefully designed
families impact on status
provides an ascribed social status for its young members
same-sex parents and siblings do what
serve important role models for gender identity
school's manifest functions
transmission of the cognitive aspects of culture from one generation to another and preparation for assuming future roles
school's latent functions
values, ethics, morality
school has important role in
the development of social identity (whether a student is good, bad, cooperative, ect
religion's role
contribute to the socialization of society members by instilling them a sense of purpose in life & providing them with moral instruction
religion's outcome
development of a life theme
life theme
an overriding way of viewing & interpreting the world
peer's is most pronounced when
teenage years
peer's difference in roles on socialization
relatively equal in social status and no recognized autority to santron behavior & and is voluntary & optional
workplace- 2 parts
formal socialization, and informal socialization
formal socialization
supervisors teach the policies, rules & regulations & technical skills needed to complete the assigned work successfully
informal socialization
co-workers teach us the "unofficial rules" we must abide by to be accepted by our peers on the job
work experiences are linked to
self esteem in adolescence
mass media includes
newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, movies
mass media does
tells us who we are and helps shape our identities, gives us aspirations and provides us a means to escape
mass media promotes
ethnocentrism, social order, rugged individualism, responsible capitalism, and altruistic democracy
mass media is a source of
racial, ethnic, sex-role stereotyping
TV does
makes us mass consumers, links individuals social identity with the number and type of "things" he or she owns
how many adds a day
5,000 per day
technomedia include
computers, electronic tele communication
technomedia changes
interaction between people, makes kids less active
life course
process in which we move from one biological and social stage to another as we grow and develop
rites of passage
ceremonies that symbolically acknowledge transitions from one life stage to another
mead and cooleys belief on socialization
primary socialization
primary socialization?
learning how to act human acquire language, develop a sense of self; teaches us social norms, values, behaviors expected of the culture
mead believed the most important outcome of socialization is
role taking
role taking?
ability to anticipate what others expect of us, and to act accordingly
significant others
specefic people with whom we interact and whose response has meaning for us
generalized others
the dominant attitudes and expectations of most members of society
structural functionalism
socialization reinforces social structure, perpetuates society, transmits culture
structural functionalism is viewed like
inoculation
inoculation?
members of society are injected with attitudes, beliefs, and norms that will allow them to assume and successfully fulfill the roles of full and productive citizens
structural functionalism is internalization of what
norms and critical for the overall functioning of a social system
symbolic interactionism
dominates the sociological approach to socialization
conflict perspective
socialization prepares for class-related roles
resocialization
attempt to coerce and exploit