CH.3 SOCIOLOGY

What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

What concept refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?

personality

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the

id

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives?

ego

According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

sensorimotor stage

For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols?

preoperational stage

The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was

moral reasoning

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that

girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards

Mead placed the origin of the self on which of the following

social experience

According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as

significant others

In Mead's model, which sequence correctly orders stages of the developing self?

imitation, play, game, generalized other

When Cooley used the concept of the "looking-glass self," he claimed that

people see themselves as they think others see them

Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization states that

personality develops over 8 stages throughout the course of one's life

Family is important to the socialization process because

families pass along social identity to children in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion