Race
Grouping people based on visible physical features
Ethnicity
shared cultural traits and or national origin (ex:history, religion, values, language)
Ethnic Group
Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics
Ascribed Stautus
something your born into
Social Distance
The degree of closeness or remoteness one desires in interaction with members of a particular group
Categoric Knowing
A stereotype of others based on info obtained visually and or verbally
Ethnocentrism
tendency to judge other cultures or subcultures based off your own
Cultural Relativism
A view of the customs and beliefs of other people within the context of their culture rather than one's own
In-group
The group to which an individual belongs and feels loyal.
Out-group
Any group to which an individual does not belong or feel loyal.
Social Identity Theory
considering their group better than others
Reference Group
a group to which we compare ourselves
Dillingham Flaw
native people being prejudice against immigrants. Overgeneralization and racism
Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills)
theory deals with micro and macro levels of society and how they are intertwined. Ex: couple getting divorced, not just the couples issue, but a larger issue
Conflict Theory
in society the progress is all based on conflicts, nothing will progress without conflict
Ideology
set of beliefs that explains and justifies the interests of those who hold them
False Consciousness
a working class believes in the same thing that the rich do Ex: rich people believe in private property because they own land and gain wealth from it where the poor don't believe in it because they don't have any land
Interactionist Theory
A microlevel emphasizing the shared interpretations and interaction patterns in everyday life
Functionalism
everything in a society plays a role in a society, for it to function correctly every role must run in harmony
Thomas Theorem
if people define situations as real, the situations become real in their consequences Ex: have plans and someone cancels and you think that they don't like you so they cancel plans. Build up social reality in our minds that they hate us. If you think its
Cultural Transmission
passing of a society's culture from one generation to another
Cultural Diffusion
The spread of ideas, inventions, and practices from one culture to another
Chain Migration
A flow of immigrants to a locality previously settled by friends or relatives
Parallel Social Institutions
A subcultural replication of institutions of the larger society, such as churches, schools, and organizations
Ethnogenesis
A process in which immigrants hold onto some homeland values, adapt others, and adopt some values of the host country
Convergent Subculture
A subgroup gradually becoming completely integrated into the dominant culture
Persistent Subculture
A subgroup adhering to its own way of life and resisting absorption into the dominant culture
Ethclasses
A social-group classification based on a combination of race, religion, social class, and regional residence
Ethnic Stratification
Structured inequality of different groups with different access to social rewards as a result of their status in the social hierarchy
Power-Differential Theory
Intergroup relations depend on the relative power of the migrant group and the indigenous group
Internal Colonialism Theory
The experiences of blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans in terms of economic exploitation and rigid stratification
Social Structure
Patterned relations among individuals in society
Prejudice
A system of negative beliefs, feelings, and action orientations regarding a certain group or groups of people
Discrimination
Differential and unequal treatment of other groups of people, usually along racial, religious, or ethnic lines
De jure segregation
Physical separation of a group that is established by law
De Facto Segregation
Physical separation of a group that is entrenched in customs and practices
All-weather liberals
not prejudiced and do not discriminate
fair-weather liberals
discriminatory, but not prejudiced
Timid Bigot
prejudiced but does not discriminate
Active Bigot
prejudiced and openly discriminatory
Institutional Discrimination
Unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in the ongoing operations of society's institutions
Affirmative Action
Efforts to improve minority representation, as well as their economic and educational opportunities
Racial Profiling
Action that individuals of a particular group are more likely to engage in illegal activity than individuals of other groups
Stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
Socialization
the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
Scapegoating
Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles
self-justification
defense mechanism where people ciritse and pick out flaws of another group which is geared toward race and racism. False generalization
Authoritarian Personality (Theodor Adorno)
a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status
Levels of Discrimination
1. verbal expression
2. avoidance
3. exclusion
4. physical abuse
5. termination
One Drop Rule
the belief that "one drop" of black blood makes a person black, a concept that evolved from U.S. laws forbidding miscegenation
Miscegenation
biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories
Mulatto
A person of mixed African and European ancestry
Racialization
the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people
Culture of Poverty
blaming the victim of poverty because it is "their" fault. Ex: blaming someone for being in poverty and saying its their fault and that they don't work hard enough etc. blaming the victim instead of society
What is an example of de facto segregation?
white flight
White flight
working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs
The culture of poverty is a?
controversial ideology
What is the best example of cultural transmission?
jewish mother passing down traditions through generations
What is an example of scapegoating?
Blaming jews
True or false: the one drop rule consisted was because blacks were accepted and showed support for the rule?
true
Tyler is mestizo, what is his status compared to his parents?
Higher than his parents
What is the main critique of the culture of poverty?
Blames the victim
Marissas dad is 100% Chinese and her mom is half filipino and half black, according to the one drop rule what is her race?
Black
Define functionalism?
different social elements functioning together
Does interactionalists theory focus on groups of people or individuals?
individuals
in which culture do mixed races contain higher status than their parents?
Masteioes
What is an example of immigrant going through acculturation in the US?
celebrating thanksgiving
what is not example of a subculture?
white
judging another culture and feeling you are superior because you raise children different is an example of what?
ethnocentrism
what is an affirmative action?
bussing
Acculturation
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.