intersectionality
a recognition of the ways in which sociobiological environments make the complex identities of the consequence and vehicle of vulnerability/privilege
Naive realism
assumption that we see the world objectively and anyone who does not share our perspective is uninformed, irrational, or bias
Identity
describes the socially constructed characteristics that represent, or are thought to represent, the defining features of an individual, category, group, or society
category
describes the two or more individuals who share at least one feature that is, or is perceived to be, significant''
Social group
describes 2 or more individuals who identify and interact with one another
Society
group of individuals that occupy a unified set of social structures and institutions and share a culture
symbolic interactionists
would emphasize the ways in which individuals create unique and/or internalize established symbols and language to develop and present their identity
blank
blank
structural functionalists
would focus on the extent to which various forms of identity are recognized, understood, and integrated into groups and societies
frequently applied to issues of race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and socioeconomic status
what does intersectionality apply to
sex
category based on the biological distinctions between male, female, and intersex individuals
gender
category based on the personal traits and social positions that members of a group or society attach to established sex categories
sexual orientation
category that describes a person's physical and romantic attraction to members of the same or other gender/sex
race
category based on biologically transmitted traits that members of a group or society deem significantly
Ethnicity
group in which the members share defining cultural features
nationality
category including residents and/or citizens of a nation-state
population
refers to the aggregate of all units within a defined category, group, or society
demographics
number and characteristics of people who live within a population
socio-economic status
collective measure of an individuals valued resources
that is used to determine their position within a group or society
inequality
unequal distribution of valued resources such as money, power, and prestige
inequity
lack of justice, often caused by unequal distribution of opportunities to achieve valued resources
social stratification
hierarchical arrangement of categories of individuals based on the unequal distribution of valued resources
ideology
shared system of beliefs that is used to justify a particular social arrangement
social mobility
movement of individuals within a group's or societies arrangement
Upward mobility
Downward mobility
Horizontal mobility
3 types of mobility
structural mobility
movement of categories or groups of individuals that are the result of changes to the structure of society rather than individual effort
Disproportionate representation
when a categories or groups presence within any particular institution is significantly different from there percentage within the general population
stereotype
oversimplified and generalized description of members within a category or group
prejudice
a negative and persistent judgement placed on individuals within a category or group
discrimination
unfavorable treatment of individuals based on their real or perceived membership in some ill-favored category or group
institutional discrimination
discrimination that is built into the institutions of society
objectivist
defines a social problem as a condition or pattern of behavior that has negative consequences for individuals, our social world, and/or our physical world
subjectivist
defines a social problem as a condition or pattern of behavior that people believe to, be and react to as, a problem
social problem
condition that an individual, group, or society describes as a cause for concern
Analysis paralysis
frequently occurs when individuals and/or groups agree a problem while disagreeing on the solution which, over time, results in inaction
personal trouble
occurs within the character of the individual and within the range of their immediate relations with others
public issue
occurs outside of the individual and the local environments surrounding them, often within the structures and institutions of a society
structural functionalists
see society as a system of interrelated parts, and are likely to assert that problems arise from institutional disorganization and/or unclear social norms
social conflict
are likely to assert that the main problems today arise from inequitable inequality that is built into the structures of society
symbolic interactionists
see society as a social construction,, and are likely to assert that problems arise from differences in perception and disagreements about reality
claims making
process of bringing a troubling condition to the attention of others
resources
anything that can be drawn upon to construct and/or support a claim
grounds
what is the problem?
warrants
Why should you care?
conclusion
what can be done?
social conflict
theoretical perspective in which sociologists compete for scarce resources within the disapline when seeking to explain why sociologists criticize one another
subjectivist approach
believe that there is only a problem if other people think theres a problem
objectivist approach
those who emphasize the objectively harmful outcomes of an action to determine if it is a problem are using what approach
structural functionalists
who promotes solidarity and stability
timid bigot
adhere's to prejudice and stereotypes, does NOT discriminate
timid egalitarian
discriminates against others
active bigot
discriminates and adheres to prejudice and stereotypes
active egalitarian
doesn't do either
adhere
believe in, or follow the practices of