sex
the biological characteristics with which we are born-- chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and other physical and physiological attributes.
gender
refers to learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men. It is based on social and cultural expectations rather than on physical traits.
gender roles
the characteristics, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors, that society expects of females and males.
gender stereotypes
expectations about how people will look, act, think, and feel based on their sex.
sexism
an attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex, usually females, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.
gender stratification
people's unequal access to wealth, power, status, prestige, and other valued resources because of their sex.
gender pay gap
the overall income difference between women and men in the workplace (also called the wage gap, pay gap, and gender wage gap).
sexual harassment
any unwanted sexual advance, request for sexual favors, or other conduct of a sexual nature that makes a person un comfortable and interferes with her or his work.
sexual identity
our awareness of ourselves as male or females and the ways that we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs.
sexual orientation
a preference for sexual partners of the same sex, of the opposite sex, of both sexes, or neither.
homosexuals
those who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex.
heterosexuals
those are sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex.
bisexuals
those who are sexually attracted to members of both sexes.
asexuals
those who lack any interest in or desire for sex.
transgender people
those who are trans-sexuals, intersexuals, or transvestites.
sexual script
specifies the formal or informal norms for acceptable or unacceptable sexual activity, which individuals are eligible sexual partners, and the boundaries of sexual behavior.
heterosexism
belief that heterosexuality is superior to and more natural than homosexuality or bisexuality.
homophobia
the fear and hatred of homosexuality.
abortion
the expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus.
pornography
the graphic depiction of images that lead to sexual arousal.
Sean, age 16, lies to his friends about the frequency if his sexual activity and new sexual exploits every week. Sean is
adhering to a sexual script
___ refers to learned attitudes and behaviors, whereas____ refers to biological characteristics.
Gender; sex
Generally, the gender pay gap increases as the level or educational attainment.
increases
___ posit that gender inequality and sexuality are socially constructed.
Feminist theorist.
Functionalism
view women and men as having distinct roles that ensure a family's and society survival.
functionalist
gender roles are complementary, equally important for a society's survival, and affect human capital / agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
Conflict
gender roles give men power to control women's lives instead of allowing the sexes to be complementary ans equally important / most societies regulate women's, but nit men's, behavior.
Feminist
Women's inequality reflects their historical and current domination by men, especially in the workplace / many men use violence---including sexual harassment, rape, and global sex trafficking---to control women's sexuality.
Symbolic interactionist
gender inequality is a social contribution that emerges through day-to-day interactions and reflects people's gender role expectations. / the social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
Conflict theory
see gender inequality as built into the social structure, both within and outside the home.
Feminist theories
agree with conflict theories that gender stratification benefits men and capitalism.
Symbolic interactionism
focus on the everyday processes that produce and reinforce gender roles.
Gender Identity
a perception of themselves as either masculine or feminine, early in life.