literal translation of the word Euthanasia
good death" (also beautiful death)
Adolph Hitler is an example of anathema
true
3 things health is affected by
(1) cultural patterns, (2) technology & resources, (3) class (economic status)
on a person's Death Certificate we can find under cause of death: natural causes due to age
false
How does the U.S. ration healthcare?
based on ability to pay
What is death?
an irreversible state involving no response to stimulation, no movement or breathing, no reflexes, and no indication of brain activity; the term used to describe the end of all biological functions that sustain a living organism
article "Is There a Duty to Die?" by John Hardwig - argues that all of us at some point have a duty to die
true
Who was Nancy Cruzan?
A woman who was in a vegetative state for years
Advanced Directive
a written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment if they fall into a situation in which they aren't able to make the decision themselves
Health
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
heart disease
Death has a universal meaning except in...
Japan & 2 unnamed countries
The fundamental goal of every society is what?
to continue
How does the Hunza tribe consider itself?
valuable
What is the biggest fear of dying for older people?
losing dignity and becoming a burden on others
Where did immortality come from in the Malagash tribe?
their children
When does a second death occur in tribes?
when the wife dies and when they are forgotten
Why did David the Bubble Boy live in a specially constructed bubble-shaped sterile environment?
He suffered from a rare genetic disease, severe combined immune deficiency syndrome
What was the remarkable reaction of the people of Hiroshima after the nuclear bombing?
the concern that it will never grow green grass, flowers and trees again
Active Euthanasia ("Mercy Killing")
occurs in those instances in which someone takes active means to bring someone to death, such as lethal injection
What does DNR stand for?
Do Not Resuscitate
What is medicine?
the institutionalized means of combating illness and promoting health
What does not affect health and society?
Food
What was the leading cause of death in the 1900s?
the flu and tuberculosis
Approximately how much did Heather Wilson's liver transplant cost?
$250,000
In "Medical Ethics," what happened to all 3 patients?
they eventually died
In the Useless Tree, what does Aidan have?
brain abnormalities
What is Aidan's most "profound effect"?
the reflection he inspires in those who meet him
What is the number one thing that disturbs people?
human dignity
In North America what is the percentage of people who die in hospitals?
80 percent
According to "At War With Death," who found the secret to eternal youth?
the Hunsakats
What mistake do people often make when someone dies at home?
Calling 911
In "At War With Death," death seeks those who are...
no longer useful
In the U.S. 1/3 of babies died.
true
According to "At War with Death," what were Darwin's words about life?
beautiful and wonderful
According to lecture, what should people do to live a long life?
have a stress-free life and a good diet
What is essential to evolution?
death
According to Hinman, what percentage of people die in a health-care facility?
85 percent
What is medicine?
illness and promoting health
At War with Death" claims...
we all die and nature wins because of evolution
What did Hunzaca Hunza exclaim?
elders are valuable
According to John Hardwig's "Is there a Duty to Die", why do we have a duty to die?
to not be a burden on our loved ones
According to lecture, what affects how we deal with death?
our cultural patterns
Passive Euthanasia
when a person doesn't want his/her death to be intervened with (i.e DNR)
What are the three types of euthanasia?
(1) voluntary, (2) non-voluntary, (3) involuntary
According to Lifton, after the bodies were burned in the crematoriums, where were the ashes sent?
They were taken to the Wisla River and thrown in it.
What were some of the crematoriums converted from?
farmhouses
What is the opposite of Eutopia?
Distopia
What was Barry Clark's prolonged death considered to be?
unethical
The Huzakut tribe from Pakistan are said to...
live past their 100's
In "Medical Ethics" what ultimately happened to Heather?
she died 3 years later because of the immunities she received after being on all the medication
Culture patterns affect death
true
In one of the movies, the initially thought-to-be homeless woman's children both agreed on the same act of care for their mother.
false
According to "A Planet for the Taking," what was the relationship between?
sex and death - in order to reproduce one generation must yield to another
Who said "death as nature itself?
Lipton
In "Ethical Dilemmas," what was the dilemma the doctors faced with the unknown 50-year-old woman?
her family wasn't present so they had to decide whether or not to treat her
In "Ethical Dilemmas," what dilemma did the doctors face while treating the premature baby?
whether or not the treatment being administered was doing more harm than good to the baby
In "Ethical Dilemmas," what dilemma did the doctors face with Heather, the girl with hepatitis/liver problems?
whether or not they should take a healthy person's liver to save her at the expense of the healthy's person's life (she ended up dying)
In most cultures, what is death defined as?
brain death
What is anomie?
A structural condition in which social norms are weak or conflicting
According to lecture, who should be organ donors?
motorcyclists
Where does Dr. Federman want her ashes spread?
Disneyland
What would an immoralist like to do?
live forever by relying on science
Did all the patients in the film "At War with Death" die?
yes
What is euthanasia?
the act of putting someone to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures
In the book "Nazi Doctors," did Jews represent Jewish doctors?
yes
How old was Aidan at the time the article "The Useless Tree" was written?
6-years-old
What is voluntary euthanasia?
when a person with a terminal illness decides to discontinue treatment with the understanding that he/she will die sooner
What is an iatrogenic disease?
a disease that is caused by a doctor
In the Cruzan case, what did the Supreme Court rule in regard to the Missouri law that kept her on a feeding tube?
It's constitutional
Debbie's gynecologist wasn't able to give her health, but what was Debbie able to get?
rest
In "Medical Ethics," what kept Demarco, the premature baby, alive longer?
new technology
In "Medical Ethics," what did doctors say was not an issue when it came to patient care?
money
What do critics of the moral significance of the distinction between active and passive euthanasia argue?
that active euthanasia is often more compassionate than passive euthanasia
Who claimed that everything has either a price or dignity?
Immanuel Kant
Can the medical examiner rule a cause of death as unknown?
no
Discrimination on who gets hired for the best jobs hits all women, but particularly those of what race?
black and hispanic
According to lecture, who should you not go to for a "good death?
a doctor
In "Medical Ethics," where did Heather's parents write her name?
in the snow
What is the most ethical approach for doctors to take when deciding whether or not to treat/save a patient?
consult the patient's family/relatives
According to Cranford in "A Hostage to Technology," what does he argue?
actions regarding preservation of the patient's life should follow the views of the family, provided there is no conflict of interest among family members; the court should not serve as a surrogate family and has no place in applying law that is contrary
According to Robertson in "Cruzan: No Rights Violated," what was one reason the decision to keep her on the feeding tube was upheld?
her rights to refuse treatment weren't being violated because she cannot feel pain and isn't aware of her situation
What does PVS stand for?
persistent vegetative state
In Busalacchi's article, "How Can They?" what does he compare being kept on life support while in a vegetative state to?
being trapped in a "prison
According to Hinman, what is the criteria for the typical case in which to apply active euthanasia?
there is no doubt the patient will die soon; passive euthanasia will cause more pain to the patient and does nothing to enhance the remaining life of the patient; passive measures will not bring about the death of a patient
In "Medical Ethics," what are the physicians at the teaching hospital primarily concerned with?
whether their methods were saving a life or only prolonging pain and whether survival when an impaired level of existence is better or worse than death
How are proponents of the "right to die" fundamentally different from proponents of the "sanctity of life?
they view life as the property of an individual and a gift under control of a higher power; they encourage reducing suffering; they believe individuals can make their own decisions in ending their lives and how to go about doing it; they focus on the qual
What does it mean to let someone die?
not performing certain actions
Which groups are especially vulnerable to euthanasia?
the elderly and the disabled
How did some prisoner doctors protect the sick?
they provided false diagnoses and incited rivalry and antagonism in Nazi doctors
Did all prisoner doctors eventually succumb to the wills of Nazi doctors?
no
What are some ways people have rejected the notion of death?
resorting to cryogenic freezing; assuming that medicine and technology are "cures" for death; regarding death as a disease that isn't normal
What is Type II error?
err on the side of life
Futile Medical Care
the person is going to die regardless of treatment
Epidemiology
study of health/disease distribution in society