oligarchy
Situation in which a few people or small number of people dominate a society Ex: Upper class
Core Economics
Wealthiest most diversified economies with strong stable governments.
Peripheral Economies
Economies that rely on a few commodities or even a single commodity, such as coffee, peanuts, tobacco. Or a single mineral resource such as tin, copper, zinc, or oil.
Semi Peripheral Economies
Economies characterized by moderate wealth but extreme inequality.In the middle of Peripheral and Core economy. Ex:Middle East.
Monopoly
Situation in which a single producer dominates a market
Oligopoly
Situation in which a few producers dominate a market
Conglomerates
Large corporations that own smaller corporations acquired through merger or acquisition
Deviance
any behavior or appearance that is somehow out of the cultural norm. Only occurs when a particular audience defines it. Most of the time it is cultural
Economic System:
institution that coordinates human activity in the effort to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services
Cold War
Massive military buildup that took place between 1945 and 1989 as the Soviet Union and the U.S sought to contain the spread of each others economic and political system
Agricultural Revolution
The first important Agricultural revolution took place around 10 thousand years ago when humans began to domesticate plants and animals
Industrial Revolution
Introduced mechanization and the addition of external sources of power such as oil and steam. Turned spinning wheel into a spinning machine
Colonization
Form of domination in which one country imposes it's political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population
Capitalism
Economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services remain privately owned.
Socialism
Economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services collectively owned
--� Extreme instances: Pursuit of personal profit is forbidden
World System Theory
World Economy has been involving for at least 500 years and is continuing to do so, encompassing different cultures and 200 countries, interconnected, for the most part, by a single division of labor: Capitalist and Proletariat (upper/upper middle Vs. low
Gender
personal traits in social positions that members in society attach to be female or male. cultural- gender roles that people make.
Sexism
The belief that one sex is innately superior or inferior to the other. biological
Matriarchy
a form of social organizations in which females dominate males
Patriarchy
a form of social organizations in which males dominate females
Minority
Any category or group of people that are socially subordinate
Inner section Theory
How in a certain situation your race gender and social status are effecting your stance in a situation.
Those three thing intersect and they all influence each other, getting ahead in life, if you're not getting a job because your race then that effects y
Liberal Feminism
endorse reproductive freedom for all women and respect family as a social institution, however they seek changes such as more widely available maternity leave and childcare for parents who work. Women and men should work together to improve society by con
Socialist Feminism
Evolves from ideas of Karl Marx, in that capitalism increases patriarchy by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a small number of men, family limits the woman's opportunities and turns her into a domestic slave.
Radical Feminism
Doesn't believe that a socialist revolution will end Patriarchy, instead they believe to attain equality, says society must eliminate gender itself. End Gender by end of motherhood.
Nuclear Family
Two parents and their unmarried children
Extended Family
Nuclear Family plus grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins
Arranged Family
Partners selected by the couples parents
Exogamy
The act of marrying someone outside of ones group
� Clan, tribe, village, religion, (any group)
Endogamy
The act of marrying someone inside of ones group
Polygamy
Married to two or more people of the opposite sex
Polandry
Marriage of one women to two or more men
Polygyny
One man married to two or more women
Serial monogamy
Getting divorced then remarrying
Patrilineal Residence
A home where the married couple lives with the husbands family
Matrilineal Residence
A home where the married couple lives with the wife's family
Matrilineal Dissent
Norm that recognizes only the mothers family as a child's close relatives
Political system
The institution that regulates the use of and access to power that is essential to articulating and realizing individual, local, regional, national, international, or global interests and agendas.
Power
Probability that an individual can achieve his or her will, even against another individuals opposition
Authority
Legitimate power in which people believe that the differences in power are just improper and that a particular leader is entitled to give orders.
Traditional Authority
A type of authority that relies on the sanctity of time-honored norms that govern the selection of people into a powerful position and that specify responsibilities and appropriate conduct in the individuals selected.
Ex: Teacher, Coach, King
Charismatic authority
Type of authority that derives from exceptional and exemplary qualities in a person that issues commands
Ex: Hitler
Government
The organized structure the directs and coordinates peoples involvement in a country/city/state political activities
Democracy
Type of political system that gives power to the people as a whole. Puts authority in the hands of elected leaders
Totalitarianism
(the total concentration of power) Highly centralized political system that regulates peoples lives
Authoritarianism
Total authority. Political system that denies popular participation in government.
Pluralism Model
An analysis of politics that sees power as dispersed among various competing interest groups all having the opportunity to participate
Power Elite Model
An analysis that sees power as concentrated among the rich. Coined by C. Wright Mills.
Marxist Political Economy Model
An analysis that explains politics in terms of the societies economic system
Stigma:
A label that changes your self concept I a negative way
Patrilineal Dissent
Norm that recognizes only the fathers family as a child's close relatives
Merton's 5 theories of structural restrain
Retreatism, conformity, rebellion, Innovation, and ritualism
Primary Deviance
Not as serious acts of deviance. Speeding ticket, cheating- early stages of deviance
Secondary Deviance
serious acts of intentional deviance. On purpose- deviant identity.
Institutionalized Discrimination
Establish customary ways to do things in society... that everyone follows but no one is doing anything about it.
Example: woman being paid less. A business who only regulates AA people in store. Follows them around based on their race. No one is stopping
Phenomenal logical theory
Robbing rich and give to the poor. When someone does something bad and thinks its good.
Differential Association Theory
2 parts to this theory
How people learn bad behavior
1) they have association with criminal patterns (parents, neighborhood)
2) lack of guidance (no one there to help them, to steer them in the right direction)
Retreatism, conformity, rebellion, Innovation, and ritualism
Mertons 5 theories of structural restrain
retreatism
rejecting cultural goals and means to retrieve those goals. Individuals drop out individuals. Living in the woods, BY THEMSELVES
conformity
behavior that follows and maintains to group. Accept goals and accept means to get it
rebellion
Rejection both cultural goals and means to achieve them. People that went and join Jim johns group is example. Drop out to a subgroup
Innovation
Acceptance of goals but not means. Wants to obtain goals but will to break them. Someone who shoplifts. Wants nice clothes but doesn't want to pay so they steal.
ritualism
rejects the goals and sort of sticks to rules of society. Example: someone who puts forth minimal effort in society. Lives off other people, no job, doesn't try very hard. No gals. No college or job.