Hexoses D or L
Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
- salivary amylase
- gluco-amylase
- isomaltase
- lactase
- Glucose absorption
...
Monosaccharides:
- use D & L
Glucose:
--- pyran (pyranoses)
--- glycolysis
--- Aldehyde (R-CO-H) is oxidized to Ketone (R-CO-R)
--- Ketone (R-CO-R) is reduced to Aldehyde (R-CO-H)
Galactose:
--- pyran (pyranoses)
--- lactose
Mannose:
--- pyran (pyranoses)
--- cell wall ma
Monosaccharides:
Pentoses-
- n = 5
- Ribose
Monosaccharides:
Trioses-
- n = 3
- intermediary metabolism (Glycolysis)
Monosaccharides:
Hexoses
:**
- n = 6
- Glucose
Disaccharides:
- Breakdown product of polysaccharides in metabolism
Lactose:
--- Glucose-Galactose (?)
------ Galactose: produced in mammary gland and synthesized from glucose
--- occurs in nature
Sucrose:
--- Glucose- Fructose
------ Fructose:not regulated like glucose
Polysaccharides:
Starch-
- made up of glucose
- break down with amylases
- french fry
- only difference from cellulose is bond between glucose
Amylose:
--- linear chain glucoses (alpha 1,4)
Amylopectin:
--- linear (alpha 1,6?) with branching points
--- glycogen
- alpha 1,6 bond
-
Polysaccharides:
Fiber-
-
Cellulose:
--- linear chain with � 1,4
--- glucose
--- breakdown with microbes
--- only difference from starch is bond between glucose
Cell wall Components-
-
Hemicellulos:
--- comprised of different number of saccharides
--- glue that holds cell materi
Classification of carbohydrates:
Soluble:
--- example: starch
Insoluble:
--- example: cell wall material
------ Detergent Fiber Analysis
(DFA in handout #1- 1965 developed system to replace Van Soest Analysis)
Feed Sample in Packet
have in both of our notes
Digestion of Carbs:
Mouth-
Saliva:
- salivary amylase
--- ase = Enzyme (proteins that break down things)
--- ose = substrate
--- activity is limited; more active in youth
Digestion of Carbs:
Stomach-
- CH2OH absorbed
Digestion of Carbs:
Small Intestine-
- epithelium and enterocyte = brush border
- Maltose and Oligosaccharase
--- goal = glucose
- Dextrinase (isomaltase) ---> glucose
- amylopectin ---> branching points (alpha 1,6)
Digestion of Carbs:
Pancreas-
- secrete pancreatic amylase (alkaline) into SI
--- pH is greater than 7 in order to neutralize stomach chyme
-