Constituent
a person who lives in the district represented by a member of the legislature.
bicameral 535
Congress is a ___ legislature with __ members.
6 years
The term of office for a U.S. senator is
sociological representation
The idea of ___ identifies the best representative as the one who shares a similar racial, ethnic, religious, or occupational background with those he or she represents.
agency representation
The idea of representation says that a legislator should be viewed as someone whom voters hire to represent their interests is called
incumbent
A senator or representative running for re-election is called the
decision to run
The individual's ability to meet the extensive list of educational requirements defined by local, state, and federal laws does not typically affect an individual's ___ for elected office.
Term limits
will increase turnover and get new faces into Congress.
patronage
is the set of powers and resources available to government officials that are used to favor supporters.
Pork-barrel legislation
deals with specific projects and their location within a particular congressional district.
Bills for permanent visas or citizenship for foreign nationals
are the most common private bills.
Speaker of the House
is the elected leader of the majority party in the House
majority and minority leaders
have the most real power in the Senate.
select committees
Congressional leaders form ___ when they want to take up an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of existing committees, to highlight an issue, or to investigate a particular problem.
staff agencies
The Congressional Research Service and the Government Accountability Office are examples of
congressional caucus
is an unofficial groups of representatives or senators sharing similar interests or opinions.
bill
A proposed piece of legislation is called a
95 percent
Approximately ___ of proposed bills die in committee.
Rules Committee
The determination of the time and structure of floor debate on a bill, in the House of Representatives, is up to the
learn *****
Closed rule" and "open rule" refer to congressional provisions regarding floor debate on a bill.
Cloture
is the process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster.
filibuster
allows members of Senate to prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor.
Conference committees
are temporary, involve members from both houses of Congress, and are charged with reaching a compromise on legislation once it has been passed by both House and Senate.
veto
A president's ___ can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress
pocket veto
Congress adjourns during a ten-day period after presenting the president with a bill, and the president takes no action. This is known as a
Franklin Roosevelt
Real expansion in American politics toward a president-centered government came about during the administration of
Expressed powers
are specifically established by the language of the Constitution.
enhances
When Congress delegates power to the executive branch, it substantially ___ the importance of the presidency.
delegated powers
The president's___ come from Congress
power to declare war
is given to both houses of Congress under the Constitution.
expressed powers
The president's ___ include Military (A-D), Judicial, Diplomatic, Executive, and Legislative.
War Powers Resolution of 1973
asserted the president could send American troops into action abroad only in the event of a declaration of war or other statutory authorization by Congress, or if American troops were attacked or directly endangered.
executive agreements
In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties, many contemporary presidents have made use of ___ in foreign affairs.
2/3
number of both houses of Congress to override a presidential veto.
legislative initiative
The president's power to set the debate concerning public policy in Congress is called a
advisory opinions from the federal courts
Federal executive agencies do not seek ___ in implementing legislation.
Cabinet
is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.
National Security Council
The formal group of presidential foreign policy advisers, established in 1947, is called the
National Security Council
is composed of the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
White House staff
As a means of managing the executive branch, presidents have increasingly come to rely upon the
The primary constitutional task of vice president
, besides succeeding president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation is to cast tie-breaking votes in Senate.
main political value of the vice president
is to bring the president votes from a group/region that would not be a likely source of support.
three most common ways for a president to expand his base of power
are party support, popular mobilization, and administrative control.
regulatory review
When the White House directs administrative agencies to create specific rules and regulations, this is called
executive orders
The number of significant __ has increased dramatically between 1960 and 1995.
signing statement
is an announcement the president makes about his interpretation of a congressional enactment he is signing into law.
1941
The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was in.
directly elected president
The framers were concerned that a ___ would become too powerful
State of the Union address
The president's ___ is mandated by the Constitution