forensics vocab 1

Analytical skills

the ability to identify a concept or problem, to isolate its component parts, to organize information for decision making, to establish criteria for evaluation, and to draw appropriate conclusions

Deductive reasoning

deriving the consequences from the facts using a series of logical steps

Eyewitness

a person who has seen someone or something and can communicate these facts

Fact

a statement or assertion of information that can be verified

Forensic

relating to the application of scientific knowledge to legal questions

Logical

conclusions drawn from assumptions and known facts

Observation

what a person perceives using his or her senses

opinion

personal belief founded on judgement rather than on direct experience or knowledge

perception

interpreting information received from the senses

chain of custody

the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence

circumstantial evidence

evidence used to imply a fact but not prove it directly

class evidence

material that connects an individual or thing to a certain group

crime-scene investigation

a multidisciplinary approach in which scientific and legal professionals work together to solve a crime

crime scene reconstruction

a hypothesis of the sequence of events from before the crime was committed through its commission

Direct evidence

evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact, such as an eyewitness account of a crime

first responder

the first police officer to arrive at a crime scene

individual evidence

a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing

paper bindle

a folded paper used to hold trace evidence

primary crime scene

the location where the crime took place

secondary crime scene

a location other than the primary crime scene, but that is in some way related to the crime, where evidence is found

trace evidence

small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene