Protestant Reformation
King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s and launched it. (A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.)
Queen Elizabeth I
Catholics battled Protestants for decades, and the religious balance of power seesawed. But after the Protestant xxxx ascended to the English throne in 1558, Protestantism became dominant in England, and rivalry with catholic Spain intensified.
Sir Francis Drake
Encouraged by the ambitious Elizabeth I, hardy English buccaneers now swarmed out upon the shipping lanes. They sought to promote the twin goals of Protestantism and plunder by seizing Spanish treasure ships and raiding Spanish settlements, even though England and Spain were technically at peace. The most famous of these semi-piratical "sea dogs" was the courtly by him
Sir Walter Raleigh
An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as "The Lost Colony.
Roanoke Island Colony
Organized an expedition that first landed in 1585 on North Carolina's Roanoke Island, off the coast of Virginia After several false starts,it vanished, swallowed up by the wilderness or by its native neighbors
The Spanish Armada
Invincible" group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588.it was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English "sea dogs" in the English Channel. This event marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance
The English enclosure movement
Landlords evicted small farmers, raised more sheep w/ modern technology for the expanding wool trade, and fenced in what was previously common area. -Uprooted thousands of people. -Encouraged people to leave for the New World.
Joint stock companies
These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Examples were the London Company and Plymouth Company. They're the forerunner of modern-day corporations.
Virginia Company of London
A joint-stock company, based in Virginia in 1607, founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies. Confirmed to all Englishmen that they would have the same life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights. 3 of their ships transported the people that would find Jamestown in 1607.
Jamestown
In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked this place, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after name of the king. The settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
First Anglo-Powhatan War
after Lord De La Warr arrived in 1610. He carried orders from the Virginia Company that amounted to a declaration of war against the Indians in the Jamestownregion. His troops raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields. A peace settlement ended this in 1614, sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe—the first known interracial union in Virginia.
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
the Indians made one last effort to dislodge the Virginians. They were defeated. The peace treaty of 1646 repudiated any thought of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society or of peacefullycoexisting with them. Instead, it effectively banished the Chesapeake Indians from their ancestral lands and formally separated Indian from white areas of settlement establishing an enduring pattern
House of Burgesses
the first representative assembly in the New World. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon this assembly. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established, for this assemblage was the first of many miniature parliaments to sprout form the soil of America à the beginnings of self-rule in America.
Captain John Smith
he took over the leadership role of the English Jamestown settlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. Smith therefore told them, " people who do not work, do not eat." His leadership saved the Jamestown settlement from collapsing
Pocahontas
A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powhatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; her brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.
John Rolfe
he was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America. Rolfe died in 1622, during one of many Indian attacks on the colony
House of Burgesses, 1619
it was the first English representative government in North America, established in July 1619 CE, for the purpose of passing laws and maintaining order in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia and the other settlements that had grown up around it.
Lord Baltimore
1694 - He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649
Maryland's statute, guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians, but decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ.
James Oglethorpe, 1733
the founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman, philanthropist. Started Georgia (a) as a buffer to Spanish Florida and (b) as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.
Iroquois Confederacy
it was a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas. It was founded in the late 1500s. The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in log houses with relatives. Men dominated, but a person's background was determined by the woman's family. Different groups banded together but were separate fur traders and fur suppliers. Other groups joined, they would ally with either the French or the English depending on which would be the most to their advantage. During the American Revolution, the Confederacy mostly sided with the British. When the British were defeated, most of the Iroquois had to move to reservations in Canada. The morale of the people sank and they began dying out. In 1799, a leader named Handsome Lake, tried to revive the Iroquois and helped them to become proud and hard-working again