Physical Science Chapters 2-3: Motion/Forces

Speed

Distance/Time

Acceleration

Final Velocity - Initial Velocity / Time

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Universal Law of Gravity

Force = (Gravity Mass 1)(Mass 2) / Distance Squared

Weight

Mass x Free Fall Acceleration

Newton's 3rd Law

Mass x Velocity = Mass x Velocity

Momentum

Mass x Velocity

Distance

1/2 Gravity x Time Squared

The Equilibrium Rule

The Vector Sum of Force = 0

Hang Time

Square Root of 2 Distance / Gravity

Impulse

Force x Time

Finding Your Weight in Newton's

Take Your Weight and Divide by 2.2 and then Multiply By 9.8

Inertia

The sluggishness or apparent resistance an object offers to change in its state of motion.

Speed

Distance traveled per time.

Velocity

The speed of an object and specification of its direction of motion.

Acceleration

Rate at which velocity changes with time; the change in velocity may be in magnitude or direction or both.

Free Fall

State of free fall from air resistance and other forces except for gravity.

Mass

The quantity of matter in an object.

Weight

The gravitational force exerted on an object by the nearest most-massive body.

Kilogram

The fundamental SI until of mass. One kilogram is the amount of mass in 1 liter of water.

Newton

The SI unit of force.One Newton is the force that will give an object of mass 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s squared.

Volume

The quantity of space an object occupies.

Force

Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated, measured in Newton's.

Mechanical Equilibrium

The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancel to zero and no acceleration occurs.

Static Equilibrium

An object that is not moving and has 0 acceleration.

Dynamic Equilibrium

An object is moving, without accelerating.

Friction

The resistive forces that arise to oppose the motion or attempted motion of an object past another with which it is in contrast.

Terminal Speed

The speed at which the acceleration of a falling object terminates because friction balance the weight.

Momentum

The product of the mass of an object and its velocity.

Impulse

The product of the forces acting on an object and the time during which it acts.

Relationship of Impulse to Momentum

Impulse is equal to the change in the momentum of the object that the impulse acts on.

Conservation of Momentum

When no external net force acts on an object or system of objects, no change of momentum takes place.

Interaction

Mutual action between objects in which each one exerts an equal and opposite force on the other.

Force Pair

The action and reaction pair of forces that constitute an interaction.

Force Vector

An arrow drawn to scale so that its length represent the magnitude of a force and its direction of the force.

Velocity Vector

An arrow drawn to scale so that its length represents the magnitude of the velocity and its direction represents the direction of motion.

Resultant

The net force of a combination of two or more vectors.

Vector Components

Parts into which a vector can be separated and that act in different directions from the vector.

Net Force

The combination of all forces that act on an object.

Vector Quantity

A quantity that specifies direction and magnitude.

Support Force

The force that supports an object against gravity, sometimes called normal force.

Friction

The resistive force that opposes the motion or attempted motion of an object through a fluid or past another object with which it is in contact.

Air Resistance

The force of friction acting on an object due to its motion through the air.

Hang Time

The time that one's feet are off the ground during a vertical jump.

The Law of Universal Gravitation

Every mass in the universe attracts every other mass with a force that for two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.

Inverse Square Law

A law relating the intensity of an effect to the inverse square of the distance from the cause.

Weightlessness

A condition encountered in free-fall wherein a support force is lacking.