A population experiences ______________ when the number of births exceeds the number of deaths.
Natural Increase
A positive rate of natural increase indicates that the death rate is higher than the birth rate and there is a natural decrease in the population.
False
A pro-natalist population control policy involves incentives to promote population growth.
True
Across the developing world, children are considered an economic investment because they will be able to work and contribute to the family's income.
True
All of the following are basic dimensions of geodemography except:
technological advances
Although poorer countries often have high death rates, having a high death rate does not necessarily mean that a country is less developed.
True
An age-dependency ratio of 100 means that the working-age population is larger than the age-dependent population.
False
An anti-natalist population control policy involves incentives to limit population growth.
True
Chronic and lifestyle diseases are leading causes of mortality in developing countries, whereas infectious diseases cause a higher proportion of deaths in developed countries.
False
Favorable conditions or attributes of a place that attract migrants are known as:
pull factors
Figure 3.5 in your textbook shows that life expectancy varies between countries, but ____________ has the lowest life expectancies of any continent.
Africa
Geodemographers use the ________________ to determine the number of years it takes a population to double.
rate of natural increase
In migration studies, the process by which immigrants develop and cultivate ties to more than one country is known as:
Transnationalism
Men have slightly longer life expectancies than women.
False
Out of concern that explosive population growth would undermine the country's development, the government in this country began to promote smaller families in the 1980s.
China
People younger than ________ and older than _________ are termed age dependents because most of them do not work on a full-time basis.
15, 65
Persons born between 1946 and 1964 in the United States represent which generation?
baby boomers
Physiological density refers to the number of people per unit area of land, while arithmetic density refers to the number of people per unit area of arable land.
False
Population growth in Europe is being fueled by natural increase, not by immigration.
False
Studies now indicate that literacy is linked to delays in marriage and childbirth, as well as higher rates of teen pregnancy.
False
The ______________ describes a shift from infectious to chronic diseases as lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and industrialization occur.
epidemiological transition
The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her childbearing years, given current birth rates, is known as:
Total fertility rate
The death rate cannot tell us about the quality of life or health in a country.
True
The higher the _____________, the greater the pressure that a population exerts on land that is used for agriculture.
phsiological density
The southern European country with the highest net migration rate in 2010 was Spain.
True
These three regions are regions of net immigration:
North America, Europe, Oceania
Three world regions that are experiencing net migration are: - __________, ___________, and ____________
Asia, Africa, Latin America
To calculate population doubling time, you divide the number 70 by the rate of natural increase.
True
To calculate the physiological density of your state, you would ________.
Divide the state s population by the area of arable land in the state
To calculate the rate of natural increase, geodemographers subtract the death rate from the birth rate and convert that figure to a percentage.
True
Today, no country has a death rate in excess of 21 per 1000.
False
Unfavorable conditions or attributes of a place that encourage migration are known as:
push factors
What are the two most often cited reasons for the global decline in fertility?
Improved standards of living and the education of more women.
What is a population cartogram?
A map that shows the size of a country in proportion to is population
What is arable land?
land that can be used for agriculture
What stage of the epidemiological transition is most associated with deaths from a resurgence of infectious disease?
Stage 3
When the total fertility rate (TFR) is ______, a population is said to be at the replacement level.
2.1
Which country is the leading source of immigrants to the United States?
Mexico
Which of the following is most responsible for some of the high death rates in the African countries of Lesotho and Sierra Leone?
Because of the ongoing AIDS epidemic and poor access to medical care
Which of the following was not part of Malthus s argument?
People would not voluntarily control and lower fertility
Which stage of the demographic transition model has the most rapid rate of population growth?
early-industrial
Women dominate the flow of migrants from ______________, ______________, and ______________.
the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Indonesia
________________ reject the idea of a human carrying capacity for Earth, and consider people to be the most valuable resource.
Cornucopians
A language family is:
a collection of languages that share a common but distant ancestor.
A majority of the world s languages are directly associated with the functions of a state.
False
A particular variety of a language characterized by distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and/or pronunciation is a ____________.
Dialect
A place or region where an innovation, idea, belief, or cultural practice begins is a:
Hearth
A situation in which one language becomes comparatively more powerful than another language is known as:
linguistic dominance
A situation in which one language becomes comparatively more powerful than another language is considered linguistic dominance.
True
A system of communication based on symbols that have agreed-upon meanings is known as:
language
A toponym is a place name.
True
A well-known example of an artificial language is:
Esperanto
A word that originates in one language and is incorporated into the vocabulary of another language is a ______________.
loanword
A(n) __________is one that a country formally designates for use in its political, legal, and administrative affairs.
official language
Accents __________.
can serve as markers of personal or social identity
All countries have an official language.
False
Almost half of the world s people speak languages belonging to the____________ language family.
Indo-Europeans
Although no equivalent word exists in the English language, the Yiddish word farpotchke, means to make something worse when you are trying to fix it. This is an example of:
How social factors influence language use and development.
Among geographers and linguists a prevalent, though controversial, theory posits that the rise of __________ transformed the distribution of the world s languages and language families.
Agriculture
An example of a language from the Austronesian language family is:
Tagalog
An official language is one that:
a country formally designates for use in its political, legal, and administrative affairs.
Beginning in the 1950 s, government officials in China selected Cantonese as the country s official language.
False
Creolization __________.
refers to the process by which a pidgin language develops in to a first language describes the practice of creating and changing toponyms
Esperanto is an example of an artificial language.
True
Find the false statement about language extinction.
Of the world s regions Europe is experiencing very high rates of language extinction.
Find the false statement about pidgin languages.
They are the native language of people who live in multilingual communities.
Geographers and linguists can pinpoint the exact date of the birth of language.
False
Hebrew is an example of a language from the language family:
Afro-Asiatic
Historically, the diffusion of the Arabic language has been closely associated with the diffusion of Islam.
True
It is generally understood that there are about___________ different languages in the world today.
6900
Language hotspots exist when three indices converge: high language endangerment, high linguistic diversity, and languages that are poorly documented.
True
Languages that have emerged and evolved within living or historic human communities are called:
natural languages
People who speak Serbian can also understand Croatian, and vice versa even though Serbian and Croatian are considered separate languages. This is an example of mutual intelligibility.
True
Scholars think that the Indo-European language family may have originated in a region in:
Turkey
Sign language is universal.
False
Sign languages are based on:
body movement
Some artificial languages have been designed for the purpose of creating a ___________, a language that could be understood and used by everyone in the world.
universal language
Some languages are so similar that they have a high degree of:
mutual intelligibility
Some linguists contend that Spanglish is a kind of code switching.
True
The Elvish languages featured in The Lord of the Rings would be an example of a(n):
artificial language
The English language belongs in the family.
Indo-Europeans
The Indo-European language family has the widest geographical distribution.
False
The Kurgan Hypothesis ____________.
places the hearth of the Indo-European language family north of the Caspian Sea
The United Nations recognizes __________ official languages.
6
The ________ language family has the second most speakers of all the language families.
Sino-Tibetan
The geography of African American English______.
was initially southern but has become increasingly urban
The language family with the greatest number (aka diversity) of languages (not the number of speakers) is:
Indo-Europeans
The norm or authoritative model of language usage is a standard dialect.
True
The pidgin language Tay Bok was used for communication between the French and the Vietnamese when Vietnam was a French colony.
False
The rise of the British Empire contributed to the diffusion of English.
True
There are now more English speakers outside than inside the United Kingdom.
True
Today, many Southerners use the word _________ to refer to any kind of soft drink as shown in Figure 4.18b.
coke
Toponyms provide telling clues about our priorities, preferences, and cultural practices.
True
What do the words fajita, mesa, and rodeo have in common?
They are loanwords
What is surprising about the indigenous languages of Madagascar?
They probably diffused to Madagascar from Indonesia.
Which three languages are not Indo-European languages?
Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Japanese
Within the Roman Empire two classes of Latin existed; the standardized written form came to be known as:
Classical Latin
Yoruba is part of the Afro-Asiatic language family.
False
A church with 2000 or more members that follows mainline or Renewalist Christian theologies is known as a megachurch.
True
A pilgrimage is always voluntary.
False
A pilgrimage, such as that depicted in Figure 5.11 in your textbook, is virtually absent in ____________ and most pronounced in _______________, which possesses an elaborate network of sacred pilgrimage sites.
Protestantism, Catholicism
A polytheistic religion refers to:
the belief in or devotion to multiple deities.
A religion that welcomes all people as potential adherents is __________.
universalizing
According to the Hindu caste system, shown in Figure 5.14 in your textbook, members of a higher caste could become socially polluted just by nearness to _____________, who were associated with jobs believed to be unclean.
Dalits
According to the beliefs of the Aboriginal inhabitants of Australia, the time when the Earth was transformed from a featureless and inactive realm into the world as we know it is known as
Dreamtime or Dreaming
After Mecca and Medina, Mount Sinai ranks the third holiest city in Islam.
False
An ethnic religion is a belief system that is worldwide in scope and welcomes all people as potential adherents.
False
An intellectual movement that encourages scientific thought, the expansion of knowledge, and belief in the inevitability of progress is known as:
Modernism
Both Sunnis and Shiites use the term imam to refer to a religious leader, especially one who leads group prayer.
False
Buddhism requires that its adherents go on pilgrimage.
False
Christian fundamentalists are Renewalists and share the same beliefs about the Holy Spirit.
False
Christianity is the largest religion in the world, with an estimated number of adherents totaling:
2.3 billion
Civil religion __________.
relates religion to politics
Contagious, relocation, and hierarchical diffusion all factored in the spread of Christianity.
True
Cosmogonies __________.
may influence environmental perception
Diasporic religious communities provide a good example of how distinctive associations between religious communities and territory can develop.
True
Ethnic religions include Judaism, Hinduism, and Shintoism.
True
Find the false statement about Buddhism
Tantrayana Buddhism is closely associated with Japan
Geographer Ken Foote has demonstrated how sacred sites develop and gain significance within the context of civil religion through the study of:
landscapes and tragedy
Hindu, Buddhism, and Islam all emerged in the Indic hearth.
False
Historian Lynn White, Jr. addressed the relationship between:
Religion and Environment
In his discussion of religious ecology, which point did Lynn White make?
Judeo-Christian views contributed to environmental abuse
In the Hindu cosmogony, who is the supreme spiritual source and sustainer of the universe?
Brahman
Israel is the only country in which a majority of the population is Jewish.
True
Muslims believe that the Torah records the word of God as it was revealed to Muhammad.
False
One of the goals of _________ was to create a religious and political homeland for Jews:
Zionism
Religious fundamentalism_______.
means that religious principles guide all aspects of an adherent life
Sanatana dharma, meaning eternal truth, is the name some ___________ use for their religion
Hindus
Sanctification refers to the making of a sacred site after a significant event has occurred there.
True
Scholars debate the status of ________________: some consider it a system of ethics or a civil religion, but not an institutionalized religion.
Confucianism
Secondary hearths are the places or regions where a religion fragments internally to form a new branch.
True
Shiites make up a majority of the population in all of these countries except:
Pakistan
Sikhism bears the influences of these two religions:
Islam and hinduism
Syncretic religions incorporate veneration of spirits or deities associated with natural features.
False
The Hindu caste system is hereditary, and children are born into the varna of their parents.
True
The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Independent Church branches form the three conventional branches within Christianity
False
The Vedas identify four social classes called varnas, ranked on the basis of:
purity
The creation of India and Pakistan in 1947 led to the division Sikhism's hearth, which is known as ______________?
The Punjab
The emergence of Sunni and Shia branches in Islam_________.
involved a dispute over Muhammad s successor
The fastest growing religion in the world is:
Islam
The roots of religious fundamentalism date to the European Enlightenment of the 1700s.
False
The scattering of a people through forced migration is known as:
Diaspora
The smallest of the major universalizing religions is:
Sikhism
Theravada Buddhists believe that the Buddha is a compassionate deity and that Theravada Buddhism provides a way for believers to be saved from the cycle of rebirth.
False
These religions are sometimes classified as Abrahamic faiths:
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
This region constitutes the hearth of Christianity:
Palestine
Traditionalists see the need for sharia to be flexible and open to different interpretations in order to apply in today's society.
False
Universalizing religions are closely associated with a key individual who established the religion.
True
Unlike universalizing religions, the origin of Hinduism is generally associated with the upper classes rather than the influence of one key individual.
True
What happens in a secondary religious hearth
a religion splits internally
What is renewalism?
It is the fastest growing branch within Christianity
Which is the only country where the majority of the population is Jewish?
Israel
Which movement sees the need for sharia to be flexible and open to different interpretations in order to apply in today's society?
Modernism
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Islam?
Its sacred scripture is the Tripitaka.
Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?
Judaism
Which of the following is not one of Islam's Five Pillars of Practice?
completing pilgrimage to Medina at least once
Which of the following is not true about Mahayana Buddhism?
It cultivates a monastic approach that emphasizes the study of Buddhist scripture and the practice of disciplined behavior.
Which of the following is not true about a sacred space?
It needs to be territorially defined.
Zionism is important to the geography of religion because__________.
it illustrates bonds between a religious groups and territory
_______________ is the fastest growing branch within Christianity.
Renewalism
_______________, _______________, and ____________ normally cremate the deceased.
Theravada Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs